Communication Notes PDF

Comm Notes 1/22 Linear Model Interaction Model – Text or email Transaction Model – Going to the store and participating in a transaction Competent Communication is… ​ Process oriented ​ Learned ​ Ethically challenging ​ Appropriate and effective ○​ Behavioral flexibility...

Comm Notes 1/22 Linear Model Interaction Model – Text or email Transaction Model – Going to the store and participating in a transaction Competent Communication is… ​ Process oriented ​ Learned ​ Ethically challenging ​ Appropriate and effective ○​ Behavioral flexibility ○​ Context matters ○​ Goal achievement Perception ​ Cognitive process ​ Interpret our experiences ​ Own unique understandings The perception process ​ Selecting ​ Organizing ​ Interpreting Interpreting ​ Schemata — mental filing system ​ Explanations for others’ behaviors ○​ kindergarten teachers ​ kind ​ bubbly ​ old ​ creative ​ colorful ​ How things work/should proceed ​ evolve and change over time ○​ interaction appearance theory ​ can be problematic Attributions ​ Internal attributions — connect to personality traits ​ External attributions — situational factors ​ Fundamental attribution error — using internal rather than external ​ Self serving bias Impressions  ​ Primacy effect — first impressions ​ Recency effect — recent impressions ​ Halo effect — positive ​ Horn effect — negative Perceiving Self: Self-Concept ​ Who you think you are ​ Influences how you communicate ​ Social comparison theory Influences on Self-Perception ​ Social/family ​ Culture ​ Media ​ Self-presentation Self-Esteem ​ A set of attitudes you hold about yourself Self-Efficacy ​ Judgement people make about their ability to perform a task ​ Predict success based on self-concept; self-esteem ​ Affects your ability to cope with failure/success ​ Can lead to self-fulfilling prophecies Self-Discrepancy Theory ​ Beliefs/expectations for self that do not match actual experience ​ Actual self — actually possess ​ Ideal self — you would like to possess ​ Ought self — should possess The nature of language ​ Symbolic ​ Multiple meanings ○​ Denotative meanings ○​ Connotative meanings ​ Though informs language ​ Language is ruled by grammar  ○​ Phonological rules ○​ Syntactic rules – grammar/punctuation ​ Affects our credibility ​ Is a means of control - directives Language is… ​ Relational ​ Situational ○​ High language: formal ○​ Low language: easy going Improving Language ​ Abstractions and meaning ○​ high/low level ○​ Evasion ○​ Equivocation ○​ Euphemism (they passed away instead of they died) ○​ Slang/jargon ​ Use words ethically ​ Civility ​ Polarizing language ​ Swearing ​ Accountability Non-Verbal Communication Kinesics ​ The study of the way in which certain body movements and gestures serve as a form of nonverbal communication Oculesics ​ Eye movement and behavior ​ Communicating with eyes ​ Eye roll or eye contact Chronemics ​ How time affects communication including biological, personal, physical, and cultural time ​ Delayed times in texting ​ Timing of nods during a conversation Paralanguage ​ The way in which people speak to convey meaning other than the use of words Proxemics ​ The branch of language that deals with the amount of space people feel is necessary to set between themselves and others ○​ Standing closer to someone when showing them something private Functions of NV ​ Convey meaning – substitute, reinforce/accent, contradict ​ Influence others – deception ​ Regulates conversation flow