Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does proxemics refer to in the context of communication?
What does proxemics refer to in the context of communication?
Which of the following is a key factor that can negatively impact communication effectiveness?
Which of the following is a key factor that can negatively impact communication effectiveness?
Which perceptual tendency involves forming an overall impression based on one specific attribute?
Which perceptual tendency involves forming an overall impression based on one specific attribute?
What is the first rule of good listening?
What is the first rule of good listening?
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What is the definition of constructive feedback?
What is the definition of constructive feedback?
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What does ethnocentrism refer to in the context of communication?
What does ethnocentrism refer to in the context of communication?
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Which barrier to communication is defined as the intentional distortion of information?
Which barrier to communication is defined as the intentional distortion of information?
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What is a characteristic of workers in a matrix structure?
What is a characteristic of workers in a matrix structure?
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What is a disadvantage of a mechanistic design?
What is a disadvantage of a mechanistic design?
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How does a matrix structure affect decision-making in organizations?
How does a matrix structure affect decision-making in organizations?
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What is a key feature of horizontal communication networks?
What is a key feature of horizontal communication networks?
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In what type of environments do mechanistic designs work best?
In what type of environments do mechanistic designs work best?
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What is the primary goal of measuring actual performance?
What is the primary goal of measuring actual performance?
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Which method uses past experience as a baseline for evaluating current performance?
Which method uses past experience as a baseline for evaluating current performance?
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In the context of management by exception, what does a problem situation indicate?
In the context of management by exception, what does a problem situation indicate?
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What type of comparison evaluates performance against that achieved by other organizations?
What type of comparison evaluates performance against that achieved by other organizations?
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What is an advantage of a business organization?
What is an advantage of a business organization?
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What key factor is saved by focusing on substantial differences in management by exception?
What key factor is saved by focusing on substantial differences in management by exception?
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Which statement best describes an opportunity situation in performance evaluation?
Which statement best describes an opportunity situation in performance evaluation?
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What is the primary purpose of a budget in a business context?
What is the primary purpose of a budget in a business context?
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What is a major disadvantage associated with business organizations?
What is a major disadvantage associated with business organizations?
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Which of the following best describes a sustainable competitive advantage?
Which of the following best describes a sustainable competitive advantage?
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What type of control is focused on monitoring performance during the actual work process?
What type of control is focused on monitoring performance during the actual work process?
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What does taking corrective action typically involve?
What does taking corrective action typically involve?
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Which type of budget allocates a fixed sum for a specific purpose?
Which type of budget allocates a fixed sum for a specific purpose?
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In performance measurement, why is a performance log used?
In performance measurement, why is a performance log used?
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Which of the following best defines contingency planning?
Which of the following best defines contingency planning?
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What is the main focus of feedback control?
What is the main focus of feedback control?
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Which of the following characteristics distinguish a flexible budget from a fixed budget?
Which of the following characteristics distinguish a flexible budget from a fixed budget?
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What are core values within an organization?
What are core values within an organization?
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What is the role of corporate strategy in an organization?
What is the role of corporate strategy in an organization?
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What is a significant characteristic of organic design in organizations?
What is a significant characteristic of organic design in organizations?
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Which of the following is a potential challenge of divisional structure?
Which of the following is a potential challenge of divisional structure?
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In which type of organizational structure do employees share similar functions?
In which type of organizational structure do employees share similar functions?
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What is an advantage of organic organizational structures?
What is an advantage of organic organizational structures?
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What is a common drawback of a functional organizational structure?
What is a common drawback of a functional organizational structure?
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Which feature is associated with divisional structures?
Which feature is associated with divisional structures?
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What effect does an organic design typically have on decision-making processes?
What effect does an organic design typically have on decision-making processes?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of functional structures?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of functional structures?
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Which statement about organic organizations is true?
Which statement about organic organizations is true?
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What is a key benefit of functional organizational structures?
What is a key benefit of functional organizational structures?
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Study Notes
Past Quizzes/Tests Definitions & Key Terminology
- Unit 2 covers communication
- Unit 5 covers planning and control
- Unit 4 covers organization
Unit 2 Communication
- Definition: Communication is a process of sending and receiving symbols with attached messages.
- Key Elements of the Communication Process: Sender, Message, Communication Channel, Receiver, Interpreted Meaning, and Feedback.
- Interactive Two-Way Process of Interpersonal Communication emphasizes the dynamic nature of communication involving multiple participants.
- Noise factors include Semantic problems, absence of feedback, improper channels, physical distractions, status effects, and cultural differences.
- Effective Communication: sender's intended meaning is identical to the receiver's interpreted meaning.
- Efficient Communication: occurs at minimum resource cost, quickly conveying the message.
- Trade-offs in Communication exist when considering efficient vs. effective communication.
- Sources of noise in communication include poor channel choices, poor communication methods, unrecognized nonverbal cues, and physical distractions.
- Channel Selection: Managers need appropriate channel richness for communication.
- Channel richness includes low richness (impersonal, one-way, fast, such as postings or email) and high richness (personal, two-way, slow, such as face-to-face meetings or video conferences).
- Low vs. High Richness scenarios: Managers choose communication channels based on their specific needs.
- Channel Suitability: written channels work best for simple, quick messages, while spoken channels are better for complex messages requiring immediate feedback.
Nonverbal vs. Mixed Messages
- Nonverbal communication includes gestures, facial expressions, body posture, eye contact, and interpersonal space.
- Mixed messages occur when verbal and nonverbal signals conflict.
- The growing use of communication technologies can reduce nonverbal aspects of communication.
- Proxemics and Space Design influence how we communicate using the notion of interpersonal space. Workspace design acts as an important nonverbal cue.
Distractions in Communication
- Common distractions include interruptions, lack of privacy, and a lack of proper planning
- Distractions can interfere with effective communications.
- Effective communication can be enhanced by proper planning.
Status Effects
- Barriers to effective communication due to organizational hierarchy, filtering, and subordinates acting as "yes" people can affect communication significantly.
Perception Barriers to Communication
- Perceptions influence how people communicate and behave toward others.
Stereotypes
- Stereotyping involves assigning group attributes to individuals.
Halo Effects
- Using one attribute to form an overall impression of a person, situation, or product.
Selective Perception
- Focusing on a person's personal viewpoint and ignoring opposing information.
Projection
- Assigning personal attributes to others, often inappropriately.
Improving Communication
- Identifying and applying strategies to improve communication effectiveness is a vital aspect of personal and professional development.
Active Listening
- Active listening aims to help someone express exactly what they mean.
Five Rules for Good Listening
- Focus on message content and feelings.
- Respond to feelings.
- Note all cues.
- Paraphrase and restate.
Feedback
- Feedback involves communicating reactions to actions or situations.
- Constructive feedback provides ways for improvement.
Constructive Feedback Guidelines
- Offer feedback directly, specifically, and timeously
Valuing Culture and Diversity
- Ethnocentrism is viewing one's own culture as superior.
- Poor listening and inappropriate stereotypes can be consequences of ethnocentrism.
Technology Utilization
- Information technologies facilitate communication.
- Risks of misinformation from electronic channels should be acknowledged.
- Email privacy and employer policies are important considerations
Tips on Managing Email
- Effective email management and awareness of privacy is a necessity to avoid errors and issues.
Keeping Communication Channels Open
- Techniques like Management by Wandering Around (MBWA) or Open Office Hours for interactive management
10 Rules to Effective Communication
- Focusing in the current moment and being fully present is necessary for effective communication.
- Don't pontificate to avoid making judgements or assumptions.
- Avoid one-word answers by using open-ended questions.
- Adapt to conversation flows and expectations when communicating.
- Honest and open communication with acknowledgements of uncertainty.
Don'ts (Effective Communication)
- Don't equate your experience with others
- Don't try to repeat yourself
- Stay out of the weeds
- Focus on big ideas, not irrelevant details, when communicating
- Listen actively and truly understand the other person.
- Be brief in your communication
Unit 5/6 Planning & Control Quiz
- Benchmarking is using internal and external comparisons for improvements (e.g., Coke vs. Pepsi sales).
- Budgeting links planned activities to resources for tracking and control (e.g., financial, operating).
- Business Strategy: plans for a business area or product/service (e.g., product development).
- Competitive Advantage: outperforming competitors (e.g., cost leadership, customer service).
- Concurrent Control: monitoring ongoing work processes.
- Contingency Planning: plans for changing circumstances.
- Control is monitoring performance and taking corrective action.
- Core Values: fundamental guiding principles.
- Corporate Strategy: organizational-level plan.
- Facilities Plans: details of physical resources.
- Forecasting is predicting future events based on judgments (e.g., using human judgment).
- Functional Planning: plans for specific business functions (e.g., marketing).
- Human Resource Plans: strategies for workforce management.
- Marketing Plans: strategies for promoting and reaching customers.
- Long-Range Planning: long-term plans (3+ years).
- Intermediate Range Planning: medium-term plans (1-2 years).
- Means-End Chain: establishes links between product attributes and their consumer value.
- Mission: a description of an organization's purpose, goals, and values.
- Objectives are specific results or desired outcomes.
- Operational Plans: implement strategic plans (short-term activities).
- Policies are broad guidelines for decisions and actions (e.g., hiring, termination).
- Procedures are step-by-step instructions for completing tasks or activities.
- Production Plans outline required processes, resources, and schedules for goods.
- Projects are one-time activities with related tasks, completed in a specific order.
- Qualitative Forecasting uses expert opinions.
- Quantitative Forecasting uses mathematical/statistical analysis.
- Rules/Procedures: detailed plans and steps.
- Scenario Planning: identifying alternative future scenarios.
- Single-Use Plans are intended to be used one time.
- Short-Range Plans: plans that help achieve long-term goals.
- Stake Holders are those affected by an organization's actions.
- Standing Plans are plans used repeatedly.
- Strategic Plans: broad plans for the entire organization.
- SWOT Analysis: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats
- Zero-Based Budget: resources allocated as if there are no prior commitments.
Unit 4 Organization
- Organization: A business's organizational structure defining ownership, control, and management.
- Adaptive Organizations: flexible and decentralized structures, promoting adaptability and worker empowerment.
- Organic Design: structures with horizontal organization, fewer rules, and wider spans of control.
- Divisional Structure: grouping people by the same product, customer, process, or process area.
- Functional Structure: grouping by specialized functions (e.g., marketing, finance).
- Boundaryless Organization: eliminating internal and external boundaries within the organization and the outside world.
- Centralized Chain of Control: Decisions made at the top, with authority flowing downward
- Decentralized Chain of Control: decision making authority spread across various levels
- Departmentalization: Dividing the organization into departments for efficient, specialized tasks, functions, or processes
- Delegation: authorizing someone to complete tasks.
- Empowerment: Management philosophy of empowering employees to make independent decisions.
- Formal Communication: official communication channels (e.g., policies, procedures).
- Informal Communication: unofficial relationships and communications.
- Matrix/Hybrid Structure: combining functional and divisional structures.
- Mechanistic Design: centralized with many rules, procedures, and a clear division of labor.
- Organizational Chart: visual representation of an organization's structure
- Shadow Organization: a hidden, unknown part of an organization
- Span of Control: the number of subordinates reporting to a manager.
- Team Structure: use of permanent and temporary teams to achieve tasks.
- Virtual Organization: an alliance of organizations that work together to achieve a common goal; utilize technology to collaborate without a physical office or location
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Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts in communication and management. This quiz covers topics such as proxemics, effective communication factors, and organizational structures. Challenge yourself to see how well you understand these critical areas in both personal and professional contexts.
