Common Psychiatric Medications Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is a significant risk associated with benzodiazepines?

  • Delayed therapeutic response
  • Risk of habit formation (correct)
  • Increased tolerance over time
  • Psychoactive long-term effects

What is the primary action mechanism of stimulants used for ADHD?

  • Enhance neurotransmitter degradation
  • Inhibit serotonin reuptake
  • Stimulate the production of serotonin
  • Block the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine (correct)

Which adverse effect should be monitored in patients taking tricyclic antidepressants?

  • Hypertension
  • Acute liver damage
  • Cardiotoxicity in overdose (correct)
  • Seizures due to overdose

What dietary restriction is necessary for patients taking MAOIs?

<p>Avoid tyramine-rich foods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of SSRIs that patients should be aware of?

<p>Gastrointestinal disturbances (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is classified as a mood stabilizer?

<p>Lithium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of anticonvulsants in psychiatric treatment?

<p>Reduce the firing rate of high-frequency neurons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For which condition are SNRIs primarily indicated?

<p>Frequent lab monitoring of serum levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What side effect is notably associated with the abrupt discontinuation of SSRIs?

<p>Flu-like withdrawal symptoms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of combining benzodiazepines with alcohol?

<p>Enhanced respiratory depression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary consideration when prescribing methylphenidate for ADHD?

<p>Use cautiously in patients with heart issues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a serious side effect to monitor for in patients taking Duloxetine (an SNRI)?

<p>Serotonin syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Carbamazepine in the treatment of bipolar disorder?

<p>To enhance mood stabilization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is associated with a risk of neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

<p>Risperidone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of first-generation antipsychotics?

<p>Extra-pyramidal symptoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which second-generation antipsychotic requires laboratory monitoring for blood dyscrasias?

<p>Clozapine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a side effect associated with the use of Lamotrigine?

<p>Seizure risk with abrupt discontinuation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of second-generation antipsychotics?

<p>Dopamine receptor blockade (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which second-generation antipsychotic is associated with a lower risk of extra-pyramidal symptoms?

<p>Aripiprazole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is commonly used to manage acute aggression in schizophrenia?

<p>Aripiprazole (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable interaction requirement for taking Ziprasidone and Lurasidone?

<p>With meals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these medications is used as a mood stabilizer in the context of bipolar disorder?

<p>Valproic acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does Lamotrigine have on mood swings in bipolar disorder?

<p>Reduces mood swings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Clozapine is known for which of the following characteristics?

<p>Effectiveness in treatment-resistant cases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required when discontinuing Valproic acid-based medications?

<p>Gradual tapering (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Benzodiazepines

Medications that potentiate GABA, calming anxiety and aiding sleep.

Alprazolam

A common benzodiazepine, known as Xanax, for anxiety relief.

Stimulants

Medications that block reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine, primarily for ADHD.

Methylphenidate

A stimulant medication, known as Ritalin, used to treat ADHD.

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SSRIs

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors that help treat depression.

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Fluoxetine

An SSRI known as Prozac, a first-line treatment for depression.

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Tricyclic Antidepressants

Medications that prevent norepinephrine reuptake, treating depression and sleep.

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MAOIs

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors that limit breakdown of monoamines to treat depression.

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Lithium

Used as a mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder, with a narrow therapeutic window.

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Anticonvulsants

Medications that reduce high-frequency neuron firing in the brain.

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SNRIs

Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors that treat depression and pain.

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Dextroamphetamine

A stimulant medication used to treat ADHD, known as Adderall.

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Black Box Warning

Warnings on antidepressants regarding increased suicidality in youth.

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Respiratory Depression

A serious side effect of benzodiazepines when combined with CNS depressants.

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Withdrawal Syndrome

Severe reaction that can occur if benzodiazepines are discontinued abruptly.

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Membrane stabilizing effect

A mechanism that reduces mood swings in bipolar disorder.

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Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

A medication that can help manage mood swings but risks seizure if discontinued abruptly.

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Lamotrigine (Lamictal)

An antiepileptic drug effective for mood stabilization but risky if stopped quickly.

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Valproic acid-based medications

Drugs used in mood disorders requiring regular liver function monitoring.

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Antipsychotics

Medications that manage symptoms of severe mental disorders like schizophrenia.

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First-Generation Antipsychotics

Drugs like chlorpromazine that block dopamine receptors to treat psychosis.

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Dopamine antagonists

Substances that reduce dopamine levels, important in treating schizophrenia.

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Extra-pyramidal symptoms (EPS)

Side effects of some antipsychotics, impacting motor control.

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Second-Generation Antipsychotics

Newer drugs like aripiprazole that have lower risk of EPS but more metabolic side effects.

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Clozapine (Clozaril)

An effective antipsychotic but requires lab monitoring for blood dyscrasias.

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Risperidone (Risperdal)

A second-generation antipsychotic with risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

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Quetiapine (Seroquel)

An antipsychotic effective for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

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Ziprasidone (Geodon)

A second-gen antipsychotic needing food for absorption.

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Lurasidone (Latuda)

An antipsychotic that also requires meal assistance for absorption.

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Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A severe reaction to antipsychotics characterized by muscle rigidity and fever.

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Study Notes

Common Psychiatric Medications

  • Benzodiazepines: Potentiate GABA, treating anxiety and sleep. Examples include Alprazolam (Xanax), Lorazepam (Ativan), Clonazepam (Klonopin), Diazepam (Valium), and Temazepam (Restoril). Habit-forming, significant respiratory depression when combined with other CNS depressants, and life-threatening withdrawal if discontinued abruptly.

Stimulants

  • Stimulants block the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine, used for ADHD. Examples include Methylphenidate (Ritalin) and Dextroamphetamine (Adderall, Vyvanse). May impair appetite or cause insomnia. May stunt growth in children. Important note: all stimulant medications have a black box warning for increased suicidality, especially in teens and young adults during initial weeks of therapy.

Antidepressants

  • Tricyclic antidepressants: Prevent reuptake of norepinephrine. Examples include Imipramine (Tofranil) and Nortriptyline (Pamelor). Exceptionally lethal in overdose, due to cardiotoxicity. Anticholinergic side effects are common.

  • MAOIs (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors): Inhibit monoamine oxidase to limit breakdown of monoamine neurotransmitters, used in treating depression. Examples include Tranylcypromine (Parnate) and Phenelzine (Nardil). Require a tyramine-restricted diet to prevent hypertensive crisis.

  • SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors): Block serotonin reuptake, used to treat depression and chronic aggression/agitation. Examples include Fluoxetine (Prozac), Paroxetine (Paxil), Sertraline (Zoloft), Fluvoxamine (Luvox), Escitalopram (Lexapro), Citalopram (Celexa). Flu-like withdrawal, and serotonin syndrome are potential side effects and should be monitored.

  • SNRIs (Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors): Block reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. Examples include Venlafaxine (Effexor) and Duloxetine (Cymbalta). May cause serotonin syndrome and potential hypertension.

Anticonvulsants

  • Reduce neuronal firing rates, used in treating bipolar disorder and epilepsy. Examples include Valproate (Depakote), Carbamazepine (Tegretol), and Lamotrigine (Lamictal). Frequently require lab monitoring to ensure proper levels and prevent toxicity.

Antipsychotics

  • First-Generation Antipsychotics: Dopamine antagonists, used to treat psychosis, schizophrenia, and acute aggression/agitation. Examples include Chlorpromazine (Thorazine), Fluphenazine (Prolixin), Haloperidol (Haldol). Extra-pyramidal symptoms (EPS) like sedation are frequent. Risk of neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

  • Second-Generation Antipsychotics: Block dopamine receptors, treating schizophrenia, and positive and negative symptoms. Examples include Aripiprazole (Abilify), Clozapine (Clozaril), Ziprasidone (Geodon), Risperidone (Risperdal), Quetiapine (Seroquel), Olanzapine(Zyprexa), Paliperidone (Invega), and Lurasidone (Latuda). Lower risk of EPS compared to first-generation antipsychotics, but may have metabolic side effects.

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