Psychiatric Medications and Client Care Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following medications is classified as a Thioxanthene?

  • Chlorpromazine
  • Fluphenazine
  • Haloperidol
  • Thiothixene (correct)

    • Which of the following medications is NOT categorized as a Phenothiazine?

  • Fluphenazine
  • Thioridazine
  • Trifluoperazine
  • Haloperidol (correct)

    • Which of the following medications is used to treat positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

  • Navane
  • Prolixin
  • Stelazine
  • All of the above (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT a property of conventional antipsychotic drugs?

    <p>Enhance the effects of dopamine-mediated transmission of neural impulses at the synapses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

    <p>Hallucinations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible connection between anxiety and hallucinations?

    <p>Anxiety can lead to hallucinations. (A), Anxiety can exacerbate hallucinations. (B), Hallucinations can cause anxiety. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is not a symptom associated with illness?

    <p>Respite care (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of distracting a client from hallucinations?

    <p>To help the client focus on reality. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most appropriate action when a client exhibits violent behavior?

    <p>Observe the client's behavior and maintain a calm attitude. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a support service for clients with mental illness?

    <p>Social Skills Training (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach would be most helpful in managing client anxiety?

    <p>Helping the client connect their anxiety to their experiences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a client's progress in managing their illness?

    <p>Increased medication adherence. (A), Reduced anxiety levels. (B), Stronger social support network. (C), Improved communication skills. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary responsibility of the nurse in managing client care?

    <p>Ensuring the client's safety and well-being. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a typical/conventional antipsychotic medication?

    <p>prochlorperazine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following side effects is considered a rare but potentially fatal complication of conventional antipsychotic treatment?

    <p>Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an extrapyramidal side effect (EPS) commonly associated with conventional antipsychotics?

    <p>Tardive dyskinesia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by restlessness and constant movement, often observed as a side effect of conventional antipsychotics?

    <p>Akathisia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key characteristic of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)?

    <p>Characterized by muscle rigidity and high fever (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antipsychotic medications is NOT associated with a higher risk of extrapyramidal side effects compared to newer atypical antipsychotics?

    <p>Aripiprazole (Abilify) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is commonly seen as a side effect of conventional antipsychotics but is NOT considered an extrapyramidal side effect?

    <p>Orthostatic hypotension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common side effect of antipsychotic medications that can increase the risk of falls?

    <p>Orthostatic hypotension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these atypical antipsychotics is known for its effectiveness in treating both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

    <p>Risperidone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these medications, when combined with antipsychotics, could result in additive and potentially severe hypotension?

    <p>Antihypertensives (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an adverse effect commonly associated with antipsychotics?

    <p>Hypertension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action for atypical antipsychotics, compared to typical antipsychotics?

    <p>Weaker dopamine antagonism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Patients taking antipsychotics who exhibit severe muscle rigidity, high fever, tachycardia, fluctuations in blood pressure, diaphoresis, and rapid deterioration of mental status are likely experiencing which medical emergency?

    <p>Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a nursing diagnosis commonly associated with patients taking antipsychotics?

    <p>Risk for Other-Directed Violence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these atypical antipsychotics is known to exert less influence on hypertension and obesity?

    <p>Paliperidone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is NOT classified as an atypical antipsychotic?

    <p>Haloperidol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic typically associated with negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

    <p>Avolition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration when administering antipsychotic medications to elderly patients?

    <p>Increased risk of falls (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major factor that contributes to the development of schizophrenia?

    <p>Genetic predisposition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of schizophrenia?

    <p>Lengthy hospitalizations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The treatment of schizophrenia typically requires which approach?

    <p>Comprehensive multi-disciplinary care (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT commonly associated with schizophrenia?

    <p>Consistent high energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What biochemical factor is proposed to be linked to schizophrenia?

    <p>Excess dopamine activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best represents a psychosocial impact of schizophrenia?

    <p>It increases family stress and chaos. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the significant social consequences of schizophrenia?

    <p>Fear and stigma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do viral infections play in the context of schizophrenia?

    <p>They may be a predisposing factor. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is associated with an optimal prognosis?

    <p>Good premorbid functioning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What reflects a patient’s sense of self?

    <p>How they perceive their uniqueness and individuality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following combinations represents a minimal residual symptom?

    <p>Absence of structural brain abnormalities and normal neurological functioning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is associated with a better prognosis in mood disorders?

    <p>Older age at symptom onset (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these represents a potential risk factor for poorer outcomes?

    <p>Family history of mood disorder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Schizophrenia

    A mental disorder characterized by disruptions in thought processes, perception, and emotional responsiveness.

    Causes of Schizophrenia

    Factors include genetic predisposition, biochemical dysfunction, physiological factors, and psychosocial stress.

    Biochemical dysfunction

    Alterations in neurotransmitter activity, particularly dopamine, thought to contribute to schizophrenia.

    Psychosocial stress

    Environmental stressors that can exacerbate or trigger the onset of schizophrenia symptoms.

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    Treatment for Schizophrenia

    Requires a comprehensive approach involving multiple disciplines to address various facets of the disorder.

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    Disturbances caused by Schizophrenia

    Affects thought processes, perception, affect, mood, sleep, and occupational functions.

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    Stigma of Schizophrenia

    Social stigma associated with the disorder, leading to fear and discrimination against individuals diagnosed.

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    Family impact of Schizophrenia

    Schizophrenia causes significant stress and chaos within families, impacting relationships and finances.

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    Residual Symptoms

    Symptoms that persist after the main symptoms have decreased.

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    Optimal Prognosis Factors

    Conditions that predict a better outcome in patients.

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    Premorbid Functioning

    A person's level of functioning before the onset of symptoms.

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    Sense of Self

    Individual perception of one's own uniqueness and individuality.

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    Family History Influence

    Impact of family mental health history on prognosis.

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    Bipolar Mania

    A state of abnormally elevated mood and energy levels in bipolar disorder.

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    Antiemetics

    Medications that help prevent nausea and vomiting.

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    Tourette’s disorder

    A neurological disorder characterized by involuntary tics and vocal utterances.

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    Positive symptoms of schizophrenia

    Outward manifestations such as hallucinations and delusions.

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    Phenothiazines

    A class of antipsychotic medications effective in treating schizophrenia.

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    Connection between anxiety & hallucinations

    Recognizing how anxiety can lead to the experience of hallucinations in clients.

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    Distract from hallucinations

    Use techniques to divert the client's attention away from their hallucinations.

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    Risk for violence

    Assess and observe a client’s behavior to manage potential violence risks.

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    Impaired verbal communication

    Facilitating effective communication between the client and caregiver to build trust.

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    Managing stress effects

    Discussing how stress can exacerbate symptoms of an illness in clients.

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    Medication management importance

    Educating clients on proper medication use and not to discontinue without guidance.

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    Relaxation techniques

    Teaching methods to help clients relieve stress and reduce anxiety symptoms.

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    Support services for clients

    Resources available for financial, legal, and emotional support for clients and their families.

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    Atypical Antipsychotics

    Second-generation antipsychotic medications with fewer side effects.

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    Mechanism of Atypicals

    Weaker dopamine effects; facilitates serotonin reuptake.

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    Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS)

    Movement disorders associated with antipsychotic medications.

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    Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia

    Reduced emotional expression and motivation; internal symptoms.

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    Atypicals in Mood Disorders

    Used to treat depression and mood disorders with psychotic features.

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    Drug Interactions with Antipsychotics

    Combination with antihypertensives can lead to severe hypotension.

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    QT Interval Prolongation

    Certain drugs can increase the risk when combined with antipsychotics.

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    Nursing Diagnoses for Antipsychotics

    Includes risk for violence, injury, and noncompliance.

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    Fall Precautions in Elderly

    Elderly on antipsychotics have higher risk of falls and CVA.

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    Antipsychotic Medications Listed

    Examples include aripiprazole, olanzapine, and clozapine.

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    Extrapyramidal Side Effects (EPS)

    Side effects caused by typical antipsychotics affecting movement, including dystonia, akathisia, and tardive dyskinesia.

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    Dystonia

    Muscle stiffness and contractions that can be caused by antipsychotic medications.

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    Akathisia

    A movement disorder characterized by restlessness and an uncontrollable urge to move.

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    Tardive Dyskinesia (TD)

    Involuntary, repetitive body movements often seen after long-term use of antipsychotics.

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    Drug-induced Parkinsonism

    Symptoms resembling Parkinson's disease caused by antipsychotic medications, like tremors and rigidity.

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    Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)

    A rare but life-threatening reaction to antipsychotic medications causing severe muscle rigidity and fever.

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    Orthostatic Hypotension

    A drop in blood pressure when standing, leading to dizziness; not classified as EPS or ADR.

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    Conventional Antipsychotics

    Also known as 1st-generation antipsychotics, they primarily target positive symptoms of schizophrenia, e.g., chlorpromazine.

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    Study Notes

    Schizophrenia Spectrum & Psychotic Disorders

    • Schizophrenia is thought to involve a combination of factors, including genetic predisposition, biochemical dysfunction, and physiological factors.
    • Comprehensive treatment is necessary and requires a multidisciplinary approach.
    • Schizophrenia often results in lengthy hospitalizations, family stress, and significant financial burdens that impact families and the government.
    • Stigma surrounding the illness is a major concern.

    Schizophrenia Symptoms

    • Disturbances in thought processes, perception, response to stimuli, affect (mood), sleep, occupational, and other roles are common characteristics.

    Predisposing Factors

    • Biological influences, such as viral infections, anatomical abnormalities, and histological changes to the brain, are implicated.
    • Biochemical influences might include an excess of dopamine activity and abnormal neurotransmitter function.
    • Genetics plays a critical role in the development of schizophrenia.

    Prevalence of Schizophrenia

    • The lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia is estimated to be around 1% within the population of the USA.

    4 Phases of Schizophrenia

    • Phase I (Pre-morbid): Characterized by social maladjustment, antagonistic thoughts and behaviors, social withdrawal, poor peer relationships, and poor academic performance.
    • Phase II (Prodromal): This phase involves a deterioration in role functioning, social withdrawal, impairments in daily activities, sleep disruption and mood disturbances (anxiety, irritability).
    • Phase III (Schizophrenia): Marked by prominent delusions, hallucinations, illusions, and a significant decrease in occupational, social, and daily functioning (ADLs).
    • Phase IV (Residual): Characterized by symptoms similar to the prodromal phase, with prominent flat affect and impairment in role functioning.

    Prognosis Factors

    • Good premorbid functioning, older age at the onset, female gender, acute onset, precipitated by stressful events, and the presence of associated mood disturbances are beneficial for a positive prognosis.

    Assessment (Schizophrenia)

    • Sense of self: Recognizing personal uniqueness, understanding how the patient perceives themselves, and how personal sense of self plays a role in the assessment.
    • Assessment tools: Tools like the PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) can be useful for measuring the presence and severity of symptoms.

    Assessment: Positive Symptoms

    • Content of thought: Delusions, religiosity, paranoid ideation, and magical thinking.
    • Form of thought: Associative looseness, neologisms, concrete thinking, clang associations, word salad, circumstantial speech, tangentiality, and mutism.
    • Perception: Hallucinations (auditory, visual, somatic), illusions, and depersonalization.

    Assessment: Negative Symptoms

    • Affect: Inappropriate emotional tone, flat effect, blandness, and apathy.
    • Avolition: Inability to initiate goal-directed behavior, ambivalence, and deterioration in appearance.

    Nursing Diagnoses/Outcomes for Schizophrenia

    • Disturbed Sensory Perception, Social Isolation, Disturbed Thought Processes, Risk for Violence, Impaired Verbal Communication, and Ineffective Health Maintenance.

    Nursing Process: Planning/Implementation

    • Specific interventions are tailored to the identified nursing diagnoses (e.g. Observe for signs of hallucinations, reinforce reality, help client recognize anxiety, manage and maintain calm).

    Client/Family Education

    • Educate patients and families about illness progression, symptom management, behavioral response, medication management, support services, and effective communication strategies.

    Recovery Model

    • A healing and transformation concept empowering people with mental illness to live meaningful lives in the community.

    Treatment

    • Individual psychotherapy, family therapy, group therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, social skills training, and psycho-pharmacology are important components in treatment.

    Antipsychotics: Types and Uses

    • The treatments are categorized into 1st and 2nd generation, with different side effects and mechanisms of action. Specific medications such as Clozapine (1st generation) and others have more severe side effects, such as agranulocytosis or other blood disorders, while those in the 2nd generation tend to have fewer of these side effects.

    Antipsychotic: Preparations, Common Side Effects, and Cross Interaction

    • Oral preparations, intramuscular (IM) shots or Decanoates, and inhalants are available
    • Side effects include but are not limited to hypotension, dyskinesia, weight gain, endocrine effects, and many other side effects.
    • Cross interactions with other medications exist and should be considered

    Antipsychotics: Nursing Diagnoses for Schizophrenia

    • Risk for other-directed violence, risk for injury, risk for activity intolerance, and noncompliance are important considerations when managing antipsychotics for schizophrenic patients.

    Elderly and Antipsychotic Medications

    • Issues of increased mortality, cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs), sudden deaths, and neurocognitive disorder (NCD) risks need special consideration for older adults.

    Extrapyramidal Side Effects (EPS) and Other Adverse Effects

    • Dystonia, AKATHISIA, Tardive dyskinesia and Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) are all possible adverse effects.

    Serotonin Syndrome and Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)

    • Both are serious syndromes with specific symptoms, necessitating prompt interventions.
    • Specific causes and prevention strategies are relevant for NMS.

    Other relevant factors

    • Evaluation, assessment, follow-ups, and care planning are necessary within the various treatment phases discussed.

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    Schizophrenia Spectrum & Psychotic Disorders Past Paper TOUW 2024 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on psychiatric medications, particularly focusing on antipsychotics and their classifications. This quiz also covers important aspects of client care in mental health settings, including symptom management and nursing responsibilities. Enhance your understanding of the complexities involved in treating clients with mental illness.

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