Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following polyatomic ions has a -2 charge and contains sulfur?
Which of the following polyatomic ions has a -2 charge and contains sulfur?
- Hydrogen sulfite (HSO₃⁻)
- Hydrogen sulfate (HSO₄⁻)
- Sulfate (SO₄²⁻) (correct)
- Sulfite (SO₃²⁻)
What is the chemical formula for the polyatomic ion, bicarbonate?
What is the chemical formula for the polyatomic ion, bicarbonate?
- H₂CO₃
- CO₃²⁻
- HCO₃⁻ (correct)
- CO₂
Which acid is related to the perchlorate ion (ClO₄⁻)?
Which acid is related to the perchlorate ion (ClO₄⁻)?
- Chlorous acid
- Perchloric acid (correct)
- Hypochlorous acid
- Chloric acid
What is the formula for the hydronium ion?
What is the formula for the hydronium ion?
Which polyatomic ion is derived from sulfurous acid (H₂SO₃)?
Which polyatomic ion is derived from sulfurous acid (H₂SO₃)?
What is the chemical formula for the azide ion?
What is the chemical formula for the azide ion?
Which of the following acids is associated with the cyanide ion (CN⁻)?
Which of the following acids is associated with the cyanide ion (CN⁻)?
What is the formula for the chromate ion?
What is the formula for the chromate ion?
Which polyatomic ion has the formula HSO₄⁻?
Which polyatomic ion has the formula HSO₄⁻?
What is the related acid of the acetate ion (CH₃COO⁻)?
What is the related acid of the acetate ion (CH₃COO⁻)?
What is the formula for the dihydrogen phosphate ion?
What is the formula for the dihydrogen phosphate ion?
Which of the following polyatomic ions contains chlorine and has a -1 charge?
Which of the following polyatomic ions contains chlorine and has a -1 charge?
What is the chemical formula for the ammonium ion?
What is the chemical formula for the ammonium ion?
What is the related acid of the nitrate ion (NO₃⁻)?
What is the related acid of the nitrate ion (NO₃⁻)?
Which polyatomic ion is associated with permanganic acid (HMnO₄)?
Which polyatomic ion is associated with permanganic acid (HMnO₄)?
What is the related acid to the chlorite ion (ClO₂⁻)?
What is the related acid to the chlorite ion (ClO₂⁻)?
What is the formula for the hydrogen sulfite ion?
What is the formula for the hydrogen sulfite ion?
Which acid is related to the carbonate ion (CO₃²⁻)?
Which acid is related to the carbonate ion (CO₃²⁻)?
Which of the following represents the correct order of chlorine-containing polyatomic ions from fewest to most oxygen atoms?
Which of the following represents the correct order of chlorine-containing polyatomic ions from fewest to most oxygen atoms?
If an ion has the suffix '-ite', what does this indicate about its oxygen content compared to the '-ate' form of the same element?
If an ion has the suffix '-ite', what does this indicate about its oxygen content compared to the '-ate' form of the same element?
Which of the following statements best describes the difference between ionic and covalent bonds?
Which of the following statements best describes the difference between ionic and covalent bonds?
Considering the rules for naming polyatomic ions, what would be the formula for the 'hypobromite' ion?
Considering the rules for naming polyatomic ions, what would be the formula for the 'hypobromite' ion?
What is the fundamental force responsible for ionic bonding?
What is the fundamental force responsible for ionic bonding?
Which of the following is a characteristic of covalent bonds?
Which of the following is a characteristic of covalent bonds?
How would you classify a compound formed between two nonmetal atoms with similar electronegativities?
How would you classify a compound formed between two nonmetal atoms with similar electronegativities?
Which of the following best explains why sodium chloride (NaCl) forms an ionic bond?
Which of the following best explains why sodium chloride (NaCl) forms an ionic bond?
If 'nitrate' is NO₃⁻, what would be the formula for an ion with one less oxygen atom following the '-ate' and '-ite' naming convention?
If 'nitrate' is NO₃⁻, what would be the formula for an ion with one less oxygen atom following the '-ate' and '-ite' naming convention?
How does the number of oxygen atoms in sulfate (SO₄²⁻) compare to sulfite?
How does the number of oxygen atoms in sulfate (SO₄²⁻) compare to sulfite?
Which of the following statements correctly describes the formation of an ionic bond?
Which of the following statements correctly describes the formation of an ionic bond?
A compound is formed between a highly electronegative element and a highly electropositive element. What type of bond is most likely to form?
A compound is formed between a highly electronegative element and a highly electropositive element. What type of bond is most likely to form?
What characteristic distinguishes perchloric acid (HClO₄) from chloric acid (HClO₃)?
What characteristic distinguishes perchloric acid (HClO₄) from chloric acid (HClO₃)?
Which of these compounds is most likely to exhibit covalent bonding?
Which of these compounds is most likely to exhibit covalent bonding?
Given the formula for bromate is BrO₃⁻, what would be the formula for perbromate?
Given the formula for bromate is BrO₃⁻, what would be the formula for perbromate?
Which statement accurately compares the behavior of electrons in ionic and covalent bonds?
Which statement accurately compares the behavior of electrons in ionic and covalent bonds?
Elements X and Y have electronegativities of 0.8 and 3.0, respectively. What type of bond is most likely to form between X and Y?
Elements X and Y have electronegativities of 0.8 and 3.0, respectively. What type of bond is most likely to form between X and Y?
How does the arrangement of electrons contribute to the stability of covalently bonded molecules?
How does the arrangement of electrons contribute to the stability of covalently bonded molecules?
Which compound is formed through ionic bonding?
Which compound is formed through ionic bonding?
Which compound contains covalent bonds?
Which compound contains covalent bonds?
Which of the following sequences correctly orders the chlorine-containing ions by the number of oxygen atoms, from fewest to most?
Which of the following sequences correctly orders the chlorine-containing ions by the number of oxygen atoms, from fewest to most?
If the formula for the bromate ion is BrO₃⁻, what is the formula for the hypobromite ion?
If the formula for the bromate ion is BrO₃⁻, what is the formula for the hypobromite ion?
How does the number of oxygen atoms in the perchlorate ion (ClO₄⁻) compare to the chlorite ion (ClO₂⁻)?
How does the number of oxygen atoms in the perchlorate ion (ClO₄⁻) compare to the chlorite ion (ClO₂⁻)?
What type of force primarily holds ions together in an ionic compound?
What type of force primarily holds ions together in an ionic compound?
Which of the following best describes the formation of a covalent bond?
Which of the following best describes the formation of a covalent bond?
Under what condition can an ionic compound conduct electricity?
Under what condition can an ionic compound conduct electricity?
What typically happens when a metal reacts with a nonmetal?
What typically happens when a metal reacts with a nonmetal?
Which statement correctly describes the relationship between ionic compounds and their melting points?
Which statement correctly describes the relationship between ionic compounds and their melting points?
How does the mobility of ions differ between solid and molten ionic compounds?
How does the mobility of ions differ between solid and molten ionic compounds?
Why is aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) considered an exception to the rule that compounds formed between metals and nonmetals are ionic?
Why is aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) considered an exception to the rule that compounds formed between metals and nonmetals are ionic?
What distinguishes a cation from an anion?
What distinguishes a cation from an anion?
What is the primary difference in how electrons are treated in ionic versus covalent bonding?
What is the primary difference in how electrons are treated in ionic versus covalent bonding?
How does the arrangement of atoms in an ionic compound contribute to its high melting point?
How does the arrangement of atoms in an ionic compound contribute to its high melting point?
Which of the following properties is characteristic of covalently bonded compounds?
Which of the following properties is characteristic of covalently bonded compounds?
What would you expect to observe if you attempt to conduct electricity through solid sodium chloride (NaCl)?
What would you expect to observe if you attempt to conduct electricity through solid sodium chloride (NaCl)?
If element X readily loses electrons and element Y readily gains electrons, what type of compound are they most likely to form?
If element X readily loses electrons and element Y readily gains electrons, what type of compound are they most likely to form?
How does the behavior of electrons in covalent bonds contribute to the properties of molecular compounds?
How does the behavior of electrons in covalent bonds contribute to the properties of molecular compounds?
Which of the following compounds is most likely to exhibit ionic bonding?
Which of the following compounds is most likely to exhibit ionic bonding?
What general trend can be used to predict whether a compound will be ionic based on the elements involved?
What general trend can be used to predict whether a compound will be ionic based on the elements involved?
What is a primary characteristic that distinguishes ionic compounds from molecular (covalent) compounds?
What is a primary characteristic that distinguishes ionic compounds from molecular (covalent) compounds?
Flashcards
Ammonium
Ammonium
A positive polyatomic ion with the formula NH4+
Hydronium
Hydronium
A positive polyatomic ion with the formula H3O+
Peroxide
Peroxide
An anion with the formula O2^2-.
Hydroxide
Hydroxide
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Acetate
Acetate
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Cyanide
Cyanide
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Azide
Azide
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Carbonate
Carbonate
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Bicarbonate
Bicarbonate
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Nitrate
Nitrate
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Nitrite
Nitrite
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Sulfate
Sulfate
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Hydrogen Sulfate
Hydrogen Sulfate
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Sulfite
Sulfite
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Phosphate
Phosphate
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Perchlorate
Perchlorate
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Chlorate
Chlorate
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Chlorite
Chlorite
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Hypochlorite
Hypochlorite
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Permanganate
Permanganate
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Fosfato de hidrógeno
Fosfato de hidrógeno
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Fosfato dihidrógeno
Fosfato dihidrógeno
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Cromato
Cromato
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Dicromato
Dicromato
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-ate
-ate
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-ite
-ite
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Per-
Per-
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Hypo-
Hypo-
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Ionic bonds
Ionic bonds
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Electrostatic forces of attraction
Electrostatic forces of attraction
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Covalent bonds
Covalent bonds
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Ionic Compound
Ionic Compound
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Molecular (Covalent) Compound
Molecular (Covalent) Compound
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Electrical Conductivity (Molten Ionic Compounds)
Electrical Conductivity (Molten Ionic Compounds)
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Electrostatic attraction
Electrostatic attraction
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Property of Ionic Compounds
Property of Ionic Compounds
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Study Notes
Polyatomic Ions and Naming Conventions
- -ate and -ite suffixes indicate polyatomic ions with varying oxygen atoms.
- Per- (hyper-) prefix signifies more oxygen atoms than -ate.
- Hypo- prefix denotes fewer oxygen atoms than -ite.
- Perchlorate is ClO4−, chlorate is ClO3−, chlorite is ClO2−, and hypochlorite is ClO−.
- The number of oxygen atoms for a given suffix/prefix is inconsistent (e.g., nitrate (NO3−) vs. sulfate (SO42−)).
Chemical Bonding
- Chemical bonding is classified based on attractive forces holding atoms or ions together.
- Ionic bonds result from electron transfer and ion formation, creating electrostatic attractions between cations and anions.
- Covalent bonds arise from "shared" electrons and molecule formation, involving attractions between positively charged nuclei and shared electron pairs.
- Compounds are classified as ionic or molecular (covalent) based on the type of bonds present.
Ionic Compound Formation
- Metals (easily lose electrons) react with nonmetals (easily gain electrons), usually leading to electron transfer and ion formation.
- Resulting compound is stabilized by electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between oppositely charged ions.
- Sodium metal (Na) gives up one electron to form Na+, and chlorine gas (Cl) accepts one electron to form Cl−, resulting in NaCl (sodium ions and chloride ions in a 1:1 ratio).
- Calcium (Ca) can give up two electrons, transferring one to each of two chlorine atoms to form CaCl2 (Ca2+ and Cl− ions in a 1:2 ratio).
Ionic Compounds
- Ionic compounds contain ions held together by ionic bonds.
- The periodic table can help identify ionic compounds: metal combined with nonmetals usually forms an ionic compound.
- Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) is an exception, as it is not ionic.
- Ionic compounds are typically solids with high melting and boiling points (e.g., NaCl melts at 801 °C and boils at 1413 °C, compared to water melting at 0 °C and boiling at 100 °C).
- Solid ionic compounds are not electrically conductive because ions cannot flow.
- Molten ionic compounds can conduct electricity because ions can move freely in the liquid state.
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