Common Colds: Pathophysiology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a significant reason for closely supervising children when using products containing aromatic oils?

They can lead to sleep disturbances.

They have no medicinal properties.

They may cause skin irritation or toxicity. (correct)

They can enhance the taste of food.

What should be done before using a manual bulb syringe on an infant?

Insert the syringe without compressing it.

Fill the syringe with water first.

Squeeze the large end of the bulb before insertion. (correct)

Clean the syringe with alcohol.

Why might it be necessary to use a nasal aspirator for children under 4 years old?

They can blow their noses effectively.

They often have allergic reactions.

They cannot recognize when their nose is blocked.

Mucus accumulation interferes with sleeping or eating. (correct)

What is considered an essential practice to reduce the transmission of cold viruses?

Frequent hand cleansing with soap or substitutes. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of suction device may be used for removing mucus from a child's nostril?

Oral suction devices, like NoseFrida, and mechanical options. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of sneezing according to the mechanisms described?

Mechanical and thermal stimuli Signup and view all the answers

What role do cholinergic nerves play in nasal congestion?

They dilate arterial blood flow, resulting in congestion. Signup and view all the answers

How does a rhinovirus infect respiratory epithelial cells?

By binding to glycoprotein receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the timeline for peak viral concentrations after initial inoculation with a rhinovirus?

2-4 days Signup and view all the answers

What signals do infected cells release to activate inflammatory processes?

Chemokine distress signals Signup and view all the answers

What type of antibody is primarily responsible for ending viral replication in the nasal mucosa?

Secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most efficient mode of viral transmission for rhinoviruses?

Self-inoculation of the nasal mucosa after contact Signup and view all the answers

What factor is NOT linked to increased susceptibility to colds?

Increased physical activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of treatment for the common cold?

Providing symptomatic relief Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential complication of a cold?

Asthma exacerbation Signup and view all the answers

Cold symptoms include which set of indicators?

Rhinorrhea, mild cough, halitosis Signup and view all the answers

Which lifestyle factor is associated with a weakened immune system and increased cold susceptibility?

Chronic psychological stress Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with West Nile virus infection?

Lower back pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the effectiveness of antibiotics in treating viral infections like the common cold?

Ineffective Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of whooping cough?

Initial catarrhal phase with mild symptoms Signup and view all the answers

Which treatments are considered the mainstay for managing cold symptoms?

Nonpharmacologic therapies Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct position for using nasal drops?

Lie on bed with head tilted back and over the side Signup and view all the answers

What is recommended after using a nasal inhaler?

Warm the inhaler in hand just before use Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an important step when using pump nasal sprays?

Prime the pump before the first use Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken after squeezing the bulb for nasal drops?

Place the recommended number of drops in one nostril Signup and view all the answers

What should be done before using nasal sprays?

Keep the head upright and sniff deeply while squeezing Signup and view all the answers

How should nasal inhalers be maintained after use?

Wipe the inhaler after each use Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a nasal inhaler still smells medicinal after a few months?

Discard it if it has been 2-3 months Signup and view all the answers

Which action is NOT recommended after using nasal medication?

Blow the nose immediately after administration Signup and view all the answers

How should the tip of a nasal inhaler be positioned during use?

Insert into one nostril while sniffing deeply Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is TRUE regarding pump nasal sprays?

Proper priming is necessary before the first use Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred approach for patients who desire to self-treat for cold symptoms?

Using single-entity products targeting specific symptoms Signup and view all the answers

Why is patient education regarding the administration of intranasal drugs important?

It can enhance the effectiveness of the treatment Signup and view all the answers

What should a patient do before administering an intranasal drug according to the general instructions?

Clear nasal passages Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions is NOT recommended before and after using nasal spray?

Using a saline rinsing method Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential risk of aiming the delivery device tip at the nasal septum?

Damage to the nasal septum Signup and view all the answers

What is a common reason why not all patients should engage in self-treatment for a cold?

Certain conditions may require medical supervision Signup and view all the answers

Which instruction regarding intranasal drug administration is crucial according to the guidelines?

Depress the other side of the nose Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of self-treatment is emphasized due to the nature of cold symptoms?

Symptoms peak, resolve, and vary in timing Signup and view all the answers

In the context of managing cold symptoms, what is a disadvantage of combination products?

They may not address specific symptoms effectively Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the stepwise approach to self-treatment for cold symptoms?

To target specific symptoms as they vary Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Colds

A viral infection of the upper respiratory tract
Approximately 1 billion cases occur annually in the US
Common in preschool children (6+ colds/year) and adults (2-3/year)
A leading cause of school and work absenteeism
Associated with $11 billion in annual spending on nonprescription cold/cough medicine

Pathophysiology of Colds

More than 200 viruses cause colds, most commonly rhinoviruses (more than 100 serotypes)
Other viruses include coronaviruses, parainfluenza, RSV, adenoviruses, and human metapneumovirus
Viral infection is limited to the upper respiratory tract (upper airway)
The respiratory tract's defense system is affected by the infection, causing symptoms
Nasal nerves play a key role in symptoms (sneezing, congestion), responding to various mediators like histamine and bradykinin
Viral replication peaks 2-4 days after infection, with presence in the nasopharynx for 16-18 days
Inflammatory process and neurogenic reflexes lead to increased watery nasal fluid
Symptoms due to irritation from infectious stimulants (viral/allergic processes), and stimulated nerves

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Description

Test your knowledge on the common cold, a viral infection primarily affecting the upper respiratory tract. This quiz covers the pathophysiology, the viruses involved, and the impact of colds on health and economy. Discover the mechanisms through which these viruses operate and the symptoms they cause.