38 Questions
What percentage of colorectal cancer is associated with eating ultra-processed foods?
Around 29%
What is a potential limitation of studies on animals fed only pellets?
There is a lack of sustained studies
What should be varied as much as possible when feeding exotic animals?
The proportions of each food type
What is a general rule for determining the amount of food to give an animal?
10% of the animal's live weight
What should be adjusted when an animal is sick?
The amount of food
What is a good resource for finding information on feeding exotic animals?
Open-access husbandry guidelines
What is the importance of honesty when working with exotic animals?
It allows for acknowledging uncertainty and seeking information
What should be considered when receiving a rare species?
Reviewing literature to find specific information
What is the main limitation of documents created by zoo associations regarding exotic animal diets?
They are usually outdated
How many species of reptiles are estimated to exist?
9000
What is a common nutritional problem in reptiles?
Lack of knowledge about their diets
What is a characteristic of some reptile species' diets?
They have a great variation in diet at different stages of life
What type of food do young bearded dragons primarily feed on?
Insects
What percentage of the total insects ingested by bearded dragons in the wild were termites of the genus Drepanotermes?
95%
What is a recommended percentage of pellets in a bearded dragon's diet in captivity?
30%
What percentage of plant matter was found in the gastric lavages of bearded dragons in the wild?
16%
What percentage of daily food should be composed of seeds for a cockatoo galah?
60%
What is the primary adaptation of birds in the Ramphastos genus?
Eating fruits, berries, and small vertebrates
Why is it important to limit iron concentrations in the diet of Ramphastos birds?
To prevent toxicity
What is the primary difference between the dietary needs of a cockatoo galah and a cockatiel?
Quality of food
What is the recommended daily food intake for a cockatoo galah as a percentage of its body weight?
10% of LW/day
What is the habitat of the cockatoo galah?
Arid areas
What type of diet can lead to serious kidney problems in iguanas?
High animal protein diet
What is the primary source of food for leopard geckos in captivity?
Commercially available insects
What can inactivate the absorption of calcium in the intestine?
Both phytic and oxalic acid
What is the diet of reptiles from desert areas adapted to?
Fibrous and nutrient-poor plants
What type of food should be avoided in iguana's diet?
Insects
How often should adult leopard geckos be fed in captivity?
Every other day
What is the purpose of granules for herbivorous animals?
To supplement their diet
What type of animals are known to eat arachnids, scorpions, and centipedes?
Insectivores
What is the purpose of creating trays with hidden seeds for birds?
To stimulate the search for food and physical and mental activity
Why do Amazons tend to be obese in captivity?
Due to their high-fat diet and less active lifestyle in captivity
What is the recommended percentage of fruits and vegetables in an Amazon's diet?
70%
What is the purpose of nutritional boost in a bird's diet?
To simulate the different stages of life and seasonal changes
What is unique about the cockatoos of palm trees and cockatiels?
They are from totally different areas
What is recommended for cockatiels in terms of diet?
A poor diet, based on poor quality seeds
Why do Amazons need a food transition in their diet?
To simulate the different stages of life and seasonal changes
What is the recommended percentage of seeds in an Amazon's diet outside of the breeding season?
30%
Study Notes
Diet and Nutrition in Exotic Animals
- The prevalence of colorectal cancer is higher in people who eat ultra-processed foods, and it is unclear if this is different in animals due to a lack of sustained studies.
- In captivity, animals tend to develop tumors, and their longevity is greater than in the wild.
Feeding Strategies for Exotic Animals
- A balanced diet should include concentrated food, vegetables, seeds, and fruits, with varying proportions to accommodate different species and life stages.
- The general rule of feeding 10% of the live weight of the animal is not always applicable, and adjustments should be made based on the individual animal's needs.
Challenges in Feeding Exotic Animals
- It is impossible to know everything about feeding exotic animals, and honesty is essential in this area.
- Open-access husbandry guidelines and recent scientific studies can provide valuable information on feeding exotic animals.
Reptiles
- There are over 9,000 species of reptiles, with varying diets, including obligate carnivores, insectivores, omnivores, and herbivores.
- Nutritional problems are common in reptiles due to a lack of knowledge.
Bearded Dragons (Pogona vitticeps)
- In the wild, bearded dragons have a varied diet, including insects and vegetables, and adapt to available food sources.
- In captivity, a diet of 30% pellets, 15% insects, and 10% of live weight per day can be provided, with a mix of seeds, vegetables, and fruits.
Cockatoos (Eolophus roseicapilus)
- Cockatoos are from arid areas and require a diet that is low in quantity and quality, with 60% seeds, 20% vegetables and fruits, and 20% granules.
Frugivores (Genus Ramphastos)
- Frugivores are adapted to eat fruits, berries, and small vertebrates, and require a diet with low iron concentrations.
- Calcium chelators and foods that inactivate calcium absorption should be considered.
Insectivores (Eublepharis macularius)
- Leopard geckos are known to eat arachnids, scorpions, and centipedes in the wild, and in captivity, a diet of 3-4 insects per day for young animals and 8-12 insects every other day for adults can be provided.
Herbivores (Iguana iguana)
- Green iguanas are arboreal and strict herbivores, and require a diet rich in plant matter, with a varied salad of vegetables and greens, and occasional fruits.
- Insects should not be provided to iguanas, as they can lead to serious kidney problems.
Tendency to Obesity (Genus Amazona)
- Amazon birds tend to be less active in captivity due to food availability, leading to obesity.
- A varied diet with high fiber and low sugar content, such as 70% fruits and vegetables, 20% granules, and 10% seeds, can help mitigate obesity.
Seasonality (Genus Amazona)
- Amazon birds require a food transition during the breeding season, simulating what happens in nature.
- Out of the breeding season, a diet of 50% fruits and vegetables, 20% granules, and 30% seeds can be provided.
Cockatoos (Família Cacatuidae)
- There is a great deal of variability in cockatoos, with different species requiring different diets.
- Cockatiels, for example, require a poor diet based on low-quality seeds, matching their natural habitat.
This quiz explores the link between colorectal cancer and diet, specifically the role of ultra-processed foods. It also touches on the similarity in tumor development in animals fed only pellets.
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