Cognitive Psychology Week 6: Priming and Memory

Elaborative rehearsal uses meanings and connections to help transfer information to LTM, whereas maintenance rehearsal only maintains information in working memory without transferring it to LTM.

The depth of processing, with deeper processing (attending to meaning) leading to better memory and shallow processing (focusing on physical features) leading to poorer memory.

The self-reference effect is a phenomenon where information related to oneself is better remembered, likely due to the additional meaning and connection made to the self.

<p>The repetition group repeated word pairs, while the imagery group formed images representing the pairs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Most failures of memory are failures to retrieve information from long-term memory into working memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elaborative rehearsal aims to transfer information from working memory to long-term memory by creating meaningful connections, whereas maintenance rehearsal focuses on keeping information in working memory without transferring it to LTM.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Priming refers to the presentation of a stimulus that changes a person's response to a test stimulus, which can be the same or similar to the priming stimulus. The propaganda effect is an example of priming, where people are more likely to believe statements to be true if they have been exposed to them before, regardless of their actual veracity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The propaganda effect is significant in understanding priming as it demonstrates how exposure to information can influence perceptions of truthfulness, even if the information is not explicitly remembered. This relates to the storage of information in long-term memory as it suggests that repeated exposure can strengthen the connection between neurons, making the information more retrievable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Priming can aid in the retrieval of information from long-term memory by presenting a stimulus that triggers a response to a test stimulus. This relation can be utilized to improve study techniques by incorporating spaced repetition and mnemonic devices that take advantage of the priming effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Encoding information in long-term memory involves the initial storage of information, whereas priming involves the presentation of a stimulus that changes a person's response to a test stimulus. These two concepts relate to each other as priming can influence the encoding of information, making it more or less retrievable from long-term memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurons store information through the strengthening of connections between neurons. The concept of priming relates to this process as it suggests that repeated exposure to information can strengthen these connections, making the information more retrievable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The results of memory research, including the concept of priming, can be used to create more effective study techniques by incorporating spaced repetition and mnemonic devices. An example of a study technique that utilizes the priming effect is the use of flashcards, which can help to retrieve information from long-term memory by presenting a stimulus that triggers a response to a test stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The type of processing used during encoding should be the same as the type during retrieval.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To transform new memories from a fragile state to a more permanent state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synaptic consolidation is a rapid process, while systems consolidation is a gradual process that occurs over a longer time span.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The experiment found that the delay condition led to better recall of the first list, suggesting that consolidation occurs over time and that interference from new information can disrupt this process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physiological changes at the synapse, which represent a neural record of experience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The principle suggests that learning and retrieval strategies should be matched to optimize memory performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The graded nature of retrograde amnesia, where amnesia is more severe for events or learning that were closer in time leading up to the injury.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hippocampus is activated during the retrieval of both recent and remote memories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sleep enhances memory consolidation, and one reason is that it stops interference from environmental stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reconsolidation is the process where retrieved memories become fragile and are consolidated again, allowing for memory updating.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study demonstrated that administrating a drug to block amygdala stress receptors during reconsolidation of a traumatic memory can reduce stress responses to the memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The idea implies that memories are constantly constructed and remodeled in response to learning and conditions, and reconsolidation is a key mechanism underlying this process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Failures to retrieve</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When retrieval cues are created by the person who uses them</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Encoding Specificity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>State-Dependent Learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Who created the retrieval cues</p> Signup and view all the answers