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Coagulation Cascade and Clot Formation Quiz
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Coagulation Cascade and Clot Formation Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What enzyme is responsible for activating XIII, allowing it to cross-link fibrin into polymers that stabilize the Fibrin Clot?

  • Protein C
  • Antithrombin III
  • Thrombin (correct)
  • Plasmin

    • Which natural anticoagulant inhibits factors IIa, Xa, and other coagulation factors?

  • Protein S
  • Antithrombin III (correct)
  • Protein C
  • Heparin

    • What autocrine-paracrine mediator secreted from endothelial cells or platelets promotes vasodilation and inhibits platelet activation?

  • Prostacyclin (correct)
  • Nitric oxide
  • Serotonin
  • Thromboxane A2

    • Which protein acts as a cofactor for activating Protein C and increases the formation of plasmin?

    <p>Protein S</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anticoagulant inhibits the extrinsic Tenase complex in the clotting cascade?

    <p>TFPI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of clotting factors circulating in an inactive form?

    <p>To prevent unnecessary clot formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the endothelial lining of blood vessels smooth and negatively charged?

    <p>To repel collagen and prevent activation of the intrinsic pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor plays a role in preventing clot extension by converting plasminogen into plasmin to digest fibrin clots?

    <p>Tissue Plasminogen Activator (t-PA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of glycoprotein coat on circulating platelets?

    <p>To create repulsion forces preventing sticking to healthy endothelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the speed of blood flow optimal in preventing activation of clotting factors?

    <p>To prevent coming in contact with TF that can activate the extrinsic pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the Fibrinolytic Phase in haemostasis?

    <p>To break down the fibrin clot once it becomes unnecessary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What regulates the IMMEDIATE CONSTRICTION PHASE in haemostasis?

    <p>Released vasoconstrictors from platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme catalyzes the decarboxylation of Vit K-dependent Coagulation Factors?

    <p>Vitamin K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final product of the Blood Coagulation Phase in haemostasis?

    <p>Insoluble fibrin fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase prevents the uncontrolled extension of thrombus or its embolization?

    <p>Fibrinolytic Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do anticoagulant agents play in preventing clot extension?

    <p>Indirectly inhibit thrombin formation by activating anti-thrombin III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor inhibitors are used to prevent the progression of thrombosis in acute insults?

    <p>Factor X inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does fibrinolysis contribute to dissolving blood clots?

    <p>By converting plasminogen into plasmin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) in the context of fibrinolysis?

    <p>Convert plasminogen into plasmin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main action of fibroblasts on a blood clot during the repair process?

    <p>Form connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Immediate Constriction Phase during hemostasis?

    <p>To limit blood flow and decrease hemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Platelets in the Platelet Plug Phase of hemostasis?

    <p>To adhere, activate, and aggregate to form a temporary plug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final result of the Blood Coagulation Phase during hemostasis?

    <p>Formation of a stable Secondary Hemostatic Plug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Factor XIII contribute to the hemostatic process?

    <p>It polymerizes fibrin to stabilize platelet aggregates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do factors preventing clot extension play in the hemostatic mechanism?

    <p>They prevent uncontrolled expansion of the blood clot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the Amplification Phase of Coagulation?

    <p>Adherence of platelets to exposed von Willebrand Factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme activates Factor IX to form the Tenase Complex in the Intrinsic Pathway?

    <p>Factor XII</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates platelet activation during the initiation phase of coagulation?

    <p>Low levels of thrombin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complex triggers the formation of the Thrombin Burst in the Amplification Phase?

    <p>Prothrombinase Complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the Propagation Phase of Coagulation?

    <p>Activation of Factor X</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Factor V and Fibrinogen in the process of coagulation?

    <p>They are taken up by platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of coagulation involves the activation of TF present on extravascular surfaces?

    <p>Initiation Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the little thrombin produced during the initiation phase of coagulation?

    <p>It binds to PAR receptors on platelets to ignite further coagulation phases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells play a role in the activation of coagulation factors during the amplification and propagation phases?

    <p>Platelets with TF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is coagulation now viewed as a 'CELL-BIOLOGICAL MODEL OF COAGULATION'?

    <p>The involvement of activated platelets in advancing the coagulation process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event marks the initiation phase of coagulation?

    <p>Activation of Factor VII to VIIa by TF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of coagulation do little activated extrinsic coagulation complexes form?

    <p>Initiation Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the Thrombin Spark that leads to the amplification and full activation of platelets?

    <p>Activation of Factor II to Thrombin(IIa)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates the role of fibroblasts from activated platelets in the coagulation process?

    <p>Fibroblasts have intrinsic TF, while platelets have extrinsic TF.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to understand the overlapping sequential phases of coagulation?

    <p>To prevent clot extension efficiently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Coagulation Cascade

    • Coagulation cascade is a series of chemical reactions that lead to the formation of a blood clot
    • It involves the sequential activation of a set of molecules termed Coagulation Factors (I to XIII)
    • Coagulation Factors belong to the plasma proteins and circulate as inactive proteolytic enzyme precursors
    • They are initially synthesized mainly by the liver, except for Factor XIII which is synthesized by endothelial cells

    Role of Calcium

    • Calcium ions (the only non-protein coagulation factor) share in the activation of most phases except the first two steps in the intrinsic pathway during the amplification phase

    Thrombin Burst and Fibrin Clot Formation

    • Thrombin burst in the presence of Ca activates XIII, permitting it to cross-link the fibrin into polymers that stabilize the fibrin clot
    • Platelets within the clot become retracted during this process

    Prevention of Clot Extension

    • Natural Anticoagulants:
      • Antithrombin III, a non-Vit K dependent plasma protein, inhibits IIa, Xa, and other coagulation factors
      • Heparin, a natural anticoagulant, enhances Antithrombin III activity
      • Protein C, a natural anticoagulant, inhibits factors V & VIII activity
      • Protein S, a cofactor, activates protein C and increases plasmin formation
    • Autocrine-Paracrine Mediators:
      • Prostacyclin, which promotes vasodilation and inhibits platelet activation
      • Nitric oxide, which inhibits platelet adhesion and aggregation in response to thrombin
    • Tissue-Factor Pathway Inhibitor (TFPI), an anticoagulant that inhibits extrinsic Tenase complex

    Prevention of Unnecessary Clot Formation

    • Clotting factors circulate in an inactive form and are permitted to become activated only upon injury
    • The liver is capable of regularly removing activated factors
    • The speed of flow of blood is optimum to prevent activation of clotting factors
    • The healthy endothelial lining of blood vessels is smooth and negatively charged, preventing platelet adhesion
    • Endothelial cells secrete mediators with potential anticoagulant action
    • Circulating platelets have a glycoprotein coat that creates repulsion forces preventing sticking to healthy endothelium
    • Plasma contains natural anticoagulants and a tightly regulated fibrinolytic system

    Fibrinolytic Phase

    • The fibrinolytic phase breaks down the fibrin clot once it becomes unnecessary, preventing uncontrolled extension of thrombus or its embolization
    • It is also meant to regain patency of blood vessels during repair

    Clinical Relevance

    • Anticoagulant agents can be used to prevent thrombi formation or to halt the progression of thrombosis in acute insults
    • Anticoagulant agents can block steps in coagulation by:
      • Indirect inhibitors of thrombin formation by activating anti-thrombin III
      • Direct thrombin inhibitors by binding directly to thrombin
      • Factor X inhibitors
      • Vit K inhibitors to block the coagulative profile of Vit K dependent factors

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    Related Documents

    B4;L38, Hemostasis II Coagulation and Fibrinolysis 21-3 (1).pdf

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the coagulation cascade and clot formation process, including the role of thrombin, factor XIII, fibrin clot stabilization, and clot extension prevention. Figure 2: Coagulation cascade is included in the quiz content.

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