CNS Development Quiz

<p>Environmental factors have a disproportionate impact (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Early experiences are critical, and genes have a significant but limited impact. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genes and environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brain plasticity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mesoderm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To create the three germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hormonal regulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The complex interaction between genetic and environmental influences on the CNS (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insufficient supply of oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trigger the production of myelin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure the survival of neurons that form the most accurate connections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apoptosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They form a large number of connections, some of which may not be essential (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epinephrine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stronger neurons survive and refine their connections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases the overall accuracy of synaptic connections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Axons grow towards a higher concentration of target-specific chemical labels. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Axons can be successfully guided to their target even when the target is transplanted to a new location. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fasciculation is the tendency of axons to follow previously established pathways. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hypothesis is supported by in vitro studies examining axonal growth without spatial cues. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Axons always form a direct pathway to their target. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glial cell (astrocyte). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It proposes that axonal growth is guided by two intersecting gradients of chemicals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It suggests that these structures share a common evolutionary origin. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cells from the blastula to the embryonic disk stage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Can differentiate into multiple cell types within a class of cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multipotent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mesoderm triggers the development of the neural plate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Totipotent cells can differentiate into any cell type of the body, while pluripotent cells can only differentiate into a limited number of cell types. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A cell in the bone marrow that can differentiate into different types of blood cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It demonstrates that transplanted mesoderm cells can trigger the development of new tissues. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Horizontal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facilitating neuronal migration and adhesion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Defects in the cytoskeleton necessary for neuronal migration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Providing chemical signals to regulate proliferation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kallmann Syndrome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extension and retraction of filopodia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Axons grow towards target cells that release specific chemical attractants. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proliferation, migration, aggregation, axon growth and synapse formation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The stage of CNS development that occurs before birth.

CNS development that occurs after birth, through childhood to adulthood.

The ability of the brain to change throughout life.

The process through which gametes (egg and sperm) are formed.

The initial formation of the neural plate from ectoderm due to mesoderm signals.

The structure formed from the neural plate that develops into the CNS.

Disorders that impact the development of the nervous system, such as Autism and Williams Syndrome.

The process by which neurons move to their designated locations in the brain.

A group of cells in embryonic development that can differentiate into various structures, including neurons and glial cells.

The process by which stem cells become specialized cell types through specific signals and conditions.

Undifferentiated cells with the ability to divide indefinitely and generate different cell types.

Cells that can differentiate into any cell type and form a complete organism, found in early embryos.

Cells that can differentiate into many, but not all, cell types, typically from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst.

Specialized cells that can develop into multiple cell types within a specific lineage, like blood or nerve cells.

The most specialized stem cells that can only differentiate into one specific cell type.

Developmental phases that include the totipotent, pluripotent, and multipotent stages of stem cells before specialization.

The process by which neural cells multiply and develop, particularly in the neural tube.

The neural tube initially forms 3 vesicles at 40 days, then 5 vesicles around 50 days.

Most neural cell proliferation occurs in the ventricular zone of the neural tube.

Neural development is regulated by signals from floor and roof plates of the neural tube.

Neurons migrate radially, tangentially, or multipolar, guided by chemical signals.

Surface proteins on neurons and glia involved in migration and adhesion processes.

A disorder caused by failed neuron migration, leading to abnormal genitals and sense of smell issues.

The structure at the tip of a growing axon that helps in finding its target.

The idea that axons grow towards specific chemical labels in a target area.

Research demonstrating the chemoaffinity hypothesis through eye rotation in frogs.

When neurons mistakenly connect to the wrong target after surgical displacement.

The tendency of growing axons to follow the paths established by pioneering axons.

Axonal growth is guided by intersecting chemical gradients on tissues.

The process of synapse formation between neurons.

Glial cells that facilitate synapse formation and support neurons.

Initial growth cones that navigate using chemical trails towards their targets.

Research conducted in living organisms, often using KO mice to study cell signaling.

Neurons may die due to genetic programming or competition for neurotrophins.

Active, clean form of programmed cell death in neurons.

Passive, dirty form of cell death caused by injury or distress.

Proteins that promote neuron growth and survival, influencing synaptogenesis.

Approximately 50% more neurons develop than needed; excess neurons die.

Cell death enhances the precision of synapse connections among surviving neurons.

They promote growth, survival, axon guidance, and can trigger synaptogenesis.

A critical phase in embryonic development where the embryo reorganizes into three primary cell layers.

A modified form of tubulin that contributes to the structure of microtubules in cells.

A model organism often used in research for studying developmental processes.

A microscopy technique that captures images of living specimens with minimal damage.

A method used to detect specific proteins in cells or tissues using antibodies.