Postnatal Development of the CNS

<p>Language Processing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myelination roughly parallels functional development across different brain regions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurons that migrate to deeper cortical layers tend to develop dendrites first. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary Visual Cortex (B), Primary Auditory Cortex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strengthening of existing synapses and refinement of neural circuits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulate blood pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hormones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phantom limb sensations due to somatosensory cortex reorganization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The former examples are correlational, the latter is more direct (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ocular dominance columns in mice: When one eye blindfolded, the other eye becomes more represented in the binocular area (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overall thinning of the cortex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical awkwardness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxytocin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Posterior to anterior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overvaluation of potential rewards (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Corpus callosum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhanced peer competition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adaptive changes and new learning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It leads to cortical degeneration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Visual inputs reorganized the auditory cortex. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It induced a shift in both visual and auditory cortex. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It highlighted the importance of spontaneous activity for neural circuit stability. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It expands the area for complex tone processing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It enhances both efficiency and effectiveness of neural circuits. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Effects of specific neurotransmitters on development. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased impulsivity and sensitivity to peer influence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced axonal branching (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It generates neuroblasts that migrate to the olfactory bulb. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It occurs mainly in the olfactory bulb and dentate gyrus. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Learning and memory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurogenesis occurs in adult songbirds. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They undergo apoptosis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows the brain to adapt based on new experiences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subgranular zone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immature development of the prefrontal cortex (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Categorize cards according to various criteria, with the rule changing unexpectedly. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They exhibit a similar level of perseverative errors as infant monkeys. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurons and synapses that are not consistently stimulated tend to weaken and disappear. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A decrease in the number of synapses and impaired visual function. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It sets specific timeframes within which experiences must occur for proper development. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A period of time marked by increased plasticity and susceptibility to environmental influence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A specific timeframe in which an experience must occur for it to have its full effect. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Failure to inhibit an original, learned response that is now incorrect.

A cognitive error where infants search for an object in its original hiding place despite seeing it moved.

Brain region involved in planning, decision making, and inhibiting inappropriate responses.

A test that assesses frontal lobe function by requiring participants to adapt to changing sorting rules.

An experience that allows for exploration without strict guidelines.

An experience that provides direct teaching and guidance.

A specific time frame during development when certain experiences must occur for normal development.

A time during development when an individual is more receptive to certain stimuli or experiences.

The process of brain growth and maturation after birth.

The formation of synapses between neurons, peaking after birth.

The growth of dendrites mimicking the migration pattern of neurons.

The process of forming a myelin sheath around the nerves, improving speed of transmission.

The last brain area to mature, involved in higher cognitive functions.

The process of synaptic loss/refinement during development.

Temporary storage used during complex tasks.

Cognitive processes linked to the PFC, such as control and planning.

Cataracts present in both eyes at birth, affecting vision development.

Loss of neurons in the cortex due to lack of sensory experience.

A brain region involved in auditory processing influenced by vision.

The visual cortex adapts to inputs from other senses or disruptions.

Study showing how vision displacement affects sensory cortex development in owls.

Behavior characterized by high novelty-seeking and impulsivity during teenage years.

The process of removing excess neurons to increase efficiency in brain networks.

The process of generating new neurons from neural stem cells, particularly in the adult brain.

Intrinsic and extrinsic factors that enhance the generation of new neurons, such as hormones and physical activity.

The brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections based on experience.

Intermediate cells that arise from stem cells and further differentiate into mature neurons.

The cognitive ability to distinguish between similar memories, aiding in memory accuracy.

The process by which neurons transmit signals along their axons.

The process where unused dendrites are eliminated to increase efficiency in brain communication.

The process where frequently used synapses become stronger, enhancing communication between neurons.

The reduction in the thickness of the brain's cortex associated with maturation and improved brain function.

The increase in size of the corpus callosum, enhancing communication between brain hemispheres.

The tendency of adolescents to seek new experiences as part of their development.

The effect that peers have on an individual's behavior, particularly during adolescence.

Heightened responsiveness of the brain's reward system during adolescence due to increased dopamine.

Adolescence is a period of high dendritic and synaptic remodeling, enhancing brain flexibility.

The process of forming new neurons in the adult brain, challenging previous beliefs about neuron production.

Two main areas for new neuron production in adults are the olfactory bulb and dentate gyrus.

Neurogenesis in the olfactory bulb involves the production of interneurons from neural stem cells.

The dentate gyrus undergoes neurogenesis for learning and memory function, influenced by experience.

Neuroblasts migrate to the olfactory bulb to mature into interneurons after division in specific zones.

Most newly formed neurons in adults die through apoptosis, leading to a loss of potential new synapses.

Adult brains maintain considerable plasticity, allowing for ongoing learning and adaptation.