CMS100 Practical Exams Dermatology Exam Techniques
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary symptom associated with jaundice?

  • Blue discoloration of the lips
  • White patches on the hands
  • Yellow coloring of the skin (correct)
  • Red coloring of the eyes

    • Which body part should be examined to match the description of a melanoma provided in the text?

  • Anterior neck (correct)
  • Elbows
  • Back of the knees
  • Feet

    • What is an accurate feature of a melanoma according to the text?

  • Symmetrical shape with regular borders
  • Flat lesion with even color distribution
  • Yellow in color
  • Asymmetrical shape with irregular borders (correct)

    • Which area should be examined to observe the shape, contour, and texture of the nails according to the text?

    <p>Proximal and lateral nail folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to examine most of the upper and lower legs according to the text?

    <p>Raise the gown up to mid-thigh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should special attention be paid during examination according to the text?

    <p>Behind the knees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of both arms should be examined according to the text?

    <p>Dorsal and ventral surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to examine areas between fingers?

    <p>Examine webs between fingers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most appropriate action to take first when performing a dermatology exam according to the text?

    <p>Assess the skin on the scalp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In dark-skinned individuals, what might simulate cyanosis in the lips?

    <p>Melanin in the lips</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area should be examined for pallor to assess better in dark-skinned individuals?

    <p>Palms and soles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an indicator of central cyanosis based on the text?

    <p>Cyanosis of nails, hands, and feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to pull down the lower lids during a dermatology exam?

    <p>To assess palpebral conjunctiva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be inspected to identify central cyanosis according to the text?

    <p>Conjunctival rims</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be assessed for yellowing of the skin during a dermatology exam?

    <p>Palms and soles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area should be observed closely for changes in pigmentation during a dermatology exam?

    <p>Nasolabial folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of lifting a fold of skin on the dorsum of the hand, subclavicular fossa, or anterior thigh?

    <p>Assess mobility and turgor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical characteristic was found to be decreased in elderly people with hypernatremia according to a study mentioned in the text?

    <p>Skin turgor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical presentation of tinea versicolor?

    <p>Multiple hypopigmented macules symmetrically distributed on the upper chest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by multiple, raised, red, and scaly patches on the hand with thick silvery/white dry scale?

    <p>Psoriasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you assess the temperature of the skin on the arms and legs?

    <p>Use the backs of your hands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of both tinea versicolor and plaque psoriasis?

    <p>'Thick silvery/white dry scale'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When examining the skin for roughness or smoothness, what characteristic are you assessing?

    <p>'Texture'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Moisture' examination in the text refers to assessing which aspect of the skin?

    <p>'Dryness, sweating, and oiliness'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a macule?

    <p>Flat, nonpalpable circumscribed area of color change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which skin lesion is characterized by elevated, firm, circumscribed lesions up to 1 cm in size?

    <p>Papule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely diagnosis for two annular lesions on the forearm that are circular with red raised borders and central clearing?

    <p>Tinea corporis (ringworm)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which skin lesion involves elevated, flattopped, firm, rough, superficial lesions that are often formed by the coalescence of papules?

    <p>Plaque</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a macule and a patch?

    <p>Size - Macule is larger than a patch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining feature of a papule?

    <p>Elevated, firm, circumscribed lesion up to 1 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How would you describe the color change in a macule?

    <p>Nonpalpable with color change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which skin lesion could be described as a flat nonpalpable circumscribed area with changes in skin color?

    <p>Patch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a wheal characterized by?

    <p>Localized skin edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a pustule differ from a vesicle?

    <p>Filled with pus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is lichenification characterized by?

    <p>Thickening of the epidermis and roughening of the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lesion is described as a nodular, firm, circumscribed area larger than 0.5 cm?

    <p>Nodule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates a bulla from a vesicle?

    <p>1 cm or larger with serous fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Excoriation is characterized by:

    <p>Linear or punctuate loss of epidermis due to scratching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a crust from a scale?

    <p>Dried residue of skin exudate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes a vesicle?

    <p>Superficial fluid-filled blister</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be examined to observe the shape, contour, and texture of the nails?

    <p>The area around the proximal and lateral nail folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of both tinea versicolor and plaque psoriasis?

    <p>Changes in skin color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In dermatology exams, what could simulate cyanosis in dark-skinned individuals?

    <p>Yellow coloration of the sclera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a crust from a scale in skin lesions?

    <p>Texture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to pull down the lower lids during a dermatology exam?

    <p>To observe signs of jaundice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is lichenification characterized by?

    <p>Elevated, rough, superficial lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of lifting a fold of skin on the dorsum of the hand, subclavicular fossa, or anterior thigh during a dermatology exam?

    <p>Observe skin turgor and elasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is assessed by using the backs of your hands to check the skin's temperature on the arms and legs?

    <p>Skin temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred if, during a dermatology exam, tenting of the skin lasts more than 3 seconds after being lifted for 3 seconds?

    <p>Dehydration is present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When examining the skin for roughness or smoothness, which aspect are you primarily assessing?

    <p>Texture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of skin is checked by observing the ability of a lifted fold to return to normal after being released?

    <p>Skin turgor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a dermatology exam, what does tenting of the skin on the dorsum of the hand, subclavicular fossa, or anterior thigh indicate?

    <p>Decreased skin turgor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a dermatology examination, why is it essential to assess skin turgor by lifting a fold of skin?

    <p>To check for dehydration based on tenting time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When examining the arms and legs for temperature, what should be used as the primary tool?

    <p>Palms of hands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be observed in the nails of healthy, darker-skinned individuals according to the text?

    <p>Longitudinal bands of pigment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which skin lesion is described as elevated, flattopped, firm, rough, superficial lesions often formed by the coalescence of papules?

    <p>Plaque</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic describes a macule?

    <p>Nonpalpable circumscribed area with color change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are tinea corporis lesions typically described based on the text?

    <p>Flat with central clearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is an indicator of central cyanosis based on the text?

    <p>Cyanotic lips</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is lichenification characterized by?

    <p>Thickening and roughening of the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates a pustule from a vesicle?

    <p>Presence of thick silvery/white dry scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How would you describe a patch based on the text?

    <p>&quot;Flat, nonpalpable lesion with changes in skin color&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which skin lesion is typically deeper and firmer than a papule?

    <p>Nodule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What skin lesion is filled with pus?

    <p>Pustule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the visual characteristic of lichenification?

    <p>Roughening of the skin with increased visibility of normal skin furrows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which skin lesion is characterized by a relatively transient, elevated, irregularly shaped area of localized skin edema?

    <p>Wheal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What skin lesion is an elevated, flattopped, firm, rough, superficial lesion often formed by the coalescence of papules?

    <p>Plaque</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which skin lesion is a palpable, elevated, circumscribed, superficial, fluid-filled area?

    <p>Vesicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What skin lesion involves a nodular area larger than 0.5 cm?

    <p>Nodule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which skin lesion is characterized by a vesicle 1 cm or larger filled with serous fluid?

    <p>Bulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a dermatology exam, where should the examiner primarily assess the skin color?

    <p>Neckline and ears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be examined to identify pallor as part of a dermatology exam?

    <p>Eyelids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might simulate cyanosis in dark-skinned individuals during a dermatology exam?

    <p>Melanin in lips</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should special attention be paid during a dermatology exam according to the text?

    <p>Behind the ears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In dark-skinned individuals, where might pallor be observed to assess cyanosis?

    <p>Fingernails</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should an examiner assess for to better visualize skin underneath during a dermatology exam?

    <p>Color changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should an examiner observe for yellowing of the skin during a dermatology exam?

    <p>Eyes and mouth area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of a melanoma based on the description provided?

    <p>Brown in color with variation of darker brown in 1/3rd of the lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the arms be examined to observe the skin lesions properly?

    <p>Examine the dorsal and ventral surfaces of both arms, elbows, wrists, hands, and fingers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a dermatology exam, where should special attention be paid according to the text?

    <p>Behind the knees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should an examiner assess for yellowing of the skin during a dermatology exam?

    <p>Sclera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could simulate cyanosis in dark-skinned individuals according to the text?

    <p>Reddish discoloration on the arms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which skin lesion is typically described as a flat non-palpable circumscribed area with changes in skin color?

    <p>Macule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to examine the areas between fingers properly?

    <p>Carefully examine the webs between fingers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for examining the skin on the scalp first during a dermatology exam?

    <p>To assess the skin color underneath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of dark-skinned individuals may mimic cyanosis in the lips during a dermatology exam?

    <p>Melanin in the lips</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area should be inspected to identify pallor as part of a dermatology exam in individuals with darker skin?

    <p>Rim around palpebral conjunctiva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to observe the areas around and behind the ears during a dermatology exam?

    <p>To identify central cyanosis signs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a dermatology exam, what is an indicator of pallor in mucous membranes that can be useful in assessing central cyanosis?

    <p>Pulling down the lower lids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What skin area should be examined primarily to detect pallor in dark-skinned individuals during a dermatology exam?

    <p>Underneath the chin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a dermatology exam, what is best indicated by pallor on the neckline, as well as around and behind the ears?

    <p>Central cyanosis signs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method to assess skin turgor according to the text?

    <p>Lifting a fold of skin for 3 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can skin turgor be determined to be decreased based on the text?

    <p>If tenting lasts for less than 3 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical presentation of plaque psoriasis according to the text?

    <p>Raised, red, and scaly patches on the dorsal hand with silvery/white dry scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should an examiner assess skin temperature on the arms and legs according to the text?

    <p>By using the backs of the hands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which presentation is most indicative of tinea versicolor based on the information provided?

    <p>Hypopigmented macules symmetrically distributed on the upper chest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic differentiates tinea versicolor from plaque psoriasis?

    <p>Symmetrical distribution on upper chest compared to dorsal hand presentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In assessing skin texture, what aspect should an examiner primarily focus on according to the text?

    <p>Palpating for roughness or smoothness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should an examiner use specific areas for skin turgor assessment according to the text?

    <p>To standardize assessment conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic defines a macule skin lesion?

    <p>Flat, nonpalpable, color change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely diagnosis for two annular lesions with circular red raised borders and central clearing?

    <p>Tinea corporis (ringworm)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lesion type is characterized by a flat, nonpalpable lesion with changes in skin color, 1 cm or larger?

    <p>Patch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates a pustule from a vesicle skin lesion?

    <p>Presence of pus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of skin is assessed by observing the ability of a lifted fold to return to normal after being released?

    <p>Turgor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which skin lesion is described as an elevated, flattopped, firm, rough, superficial lesion often formed by coalescence of papules?

    <p>Plaque</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What skin examination technique is important in identifying central cyanosis?

    <p>Lifting a skin fold on the anterior thigh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining feature of a papule skin lesion?

    <p>Firm and circumscribed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which skin lesion involves a nodular area larger than 0.5 cm?

    <p>Lichenification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a crust from a scale?

    <p>Crust is filled with serous fluid, while scale is a flake of dead skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an accurate feature of a melanoma according to the text?

    <p>Thick silvery/white dry scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which skin lesion is filled with pus?

    <p>Pustule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might simulate cyanosis in dark-skinned individuals during a dermatology exam?

    <p>Jaundice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of both tinea versicolor and plaque psoriasis?

    <p>Scaly patches</p> Signup and view all the answers

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