89 Questions
What is the recommended positioning in relation to the patient during a physical exam for optimal charting?
Right side
During a dermatology exam, which areas should be carefully examined around the face?
Eyebrows and eyes
In a dermatology exam, why is it important to pull the lower lids down to observe the conjunctival rim?
To examine pallor in mucous membranes
What part of the patient should be exposed and examined when performing a dermatology exam on the arms?
Dorsal and ventral surfaces of both arms
In a dermatology exam, why is it important to examine the areas between the fingers in the webs?
To evaluate skin folds for rashes
What areas should be observed and evaluated when examining nails during a dermatology exam?
Fingers and hands
What type of skin lesion is defined as a nodule filled with an expressible liquid or semisolid material?
Cyst
Which type of skin lesion is characterized by a palpable, elevated, circumscribed, superficial, fluid-filled blister up to 1 cm in size?
Bulla
What type of skin lesion is typically deeper and firmer than a papule?
Nodule
Which skin lesion is an elevated, firm, circumscribed, palpable area larger than 0.5 cm?
Nodule
What skin condition involves a visible and palpable thickening of the epidermis with roughening of the skin due to chronic rubbing?
Lichenification
Which type of skin lesion is a transient, elevated, irregularly shaped area of localized skin edema?
Wheal
What is NOT a descriptor used in the ABCD(E) method to screen for melanoma?
Symmetrical shape
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of tinea versicolor?
Raised, red and scaly patches
Which skin condition presents with annular lesions on the forearm with circular, red (erythematous) raised borders that are crusty?
Ringworm (tinea corporis)
What distinguishes urticaria (hives) from tinea corporis (ringworm)?
Red raised wheals with regular borders
Which descriptor would be most relevant for distinguishing plaque psoriasis from tinea corporis?
Thick silvery/white dry scale
In the ABCD(E) method for melanoma screening, what does the 'E' stand for?
Evolution/change
What does a change of tympany to dullness upon deep inspiration suggest?
Splenomegaly
During inspiration, what happens to the spleen if it is enlarged?
It moves inferiorly
Which condition can cause a positive Castell's sign?
Splenomegaly
What does a tympanitic percussion sound suggest during inspiration if the spleen is not enlarged?
Tympany
Which direction does the spleen enlarge in when a positive Castell's sign is observed?
Anterior, inferior, and medial
Which of the following is NOT a cause of splenomegaly?
Lung cancer
How is the top of neck veins typically indicated?
By the disappearance of the external jugular veins
Why is measuring the vertical distance between the top of the vein and sternal angle important?
To assess pressure in the right atrium
What does an elevated JVP (jugular venous pressure) indicate?
Heart or lung disease
How can pathologies affecting diastolic pressure on the right side of the heart impact central venous pressure?
Increase central venous pressure
What is the correct way to convert the radial artery pulse rate to beats per minute?
Multiply by 4
What does a pulse amplitude of '0' indicate?
Absent/not palpable
What characterizes a regularly irregular pulse pattern?
Variation is predictable
Which age group is sinus arrhythmia common in?
Adolescents
What defines an irregularly irregular pulse?
No pattern to the irregularity
What is the characteristic of a pulse with an amplitude of '3'?
Full, bounding
When assessing skin turgor, what does it indicate if tenting lasts longer than 3 seconds?
Dehydration
What is the characteristic of a macule skin lesion?
Flat, nonpalpable area of color change
How can skin lesions be described based on their characteristics?
Firm, raised, red, or tan areas
What type of skin lesion is characterized by an elevated, fluid-filled blister up to 1 cm in size?
Vesicle
During a dermatology exam, what does assessing skin texture involve?
Palpating for roughness or smoothness
What are the possible locations where skin turgor can be assessed?
Dorsum of the hand and clavicle region
What is the first area to assess during a dermatology exam according to the provided text?
Skin on the scalp
Why should the patient stand and raise their gown up to mid-thigh during a physical exam?
To observe the dorsal and ventral surfaces of both arms
What should you do as part of an assessment of pallor in mucous membranes during a dermatology exam?
Observe the conjunctival rim by pulling lower lids down
What should be examined carefully during a dermatology exam on the arms?
Dorsal and ventral surfaces of both arms
Why is it important to note the skin around the proximal and lateral nail folds during a dermatology exam?
To observe the nails - shape, contour, and texture
What part of an assessment should include exploring areas from frontal region to occiput during a dermatology exam?
Areas around and behind the ears
What instructions should be given to the patient to facilitate thyroid palpation?
Flex the neck slightly forward and tilt the head to the right
What is a red flag when palpating lymph nodes?
Hard and fixed lymph node
What is the position of the SCM muscle during deep cervical lymph node palpation?
Relaxed
What technique is recommended for focusing on during spleen examination?
Percussion Castell's Sign
What could diffused lymphadenopathy potentially suggest?
HIV infection
What characteristic differentiates normal Shotty Nodes from concerning lymph nodes?
Hard texture
When examining cervical lymph nodes, which group is located at the base of the skull?
Occipital
What is the purpose of the deep palpation technique described in the text?
To detect masses and organomegaly
Why is liver percussion performed at both midclavicular and midsternal lines?
To identify the liver's upper and lower borders
What is the significance of increased tenderness during liver palpation?
Indicates inflammation or congestion
What is the primary purpose of the fluid wave test described in the text?
To detect shifting dullness
Why is McBurney's Point essential in clinical examination?
To diagnose appendicitis
What does the thyroid palpation technique aim to evaluate?
Thyroid gland mobility
Why should you draw a line between umbilicus and ASIS when locating McBurney's Point?
To identify area of maximal tenderness in appendicitis
What would an absence of movement upon thyroid palpation during swallowing suggest?
Not an enlarged thyroid gland
How is thyroid palpation different from McBurney's Point location?
Assessing neck region for goitre
What does skin turgor assess, according to the text?
The skin's ability to change shape and return to normal
What could prolonged tenting of the skin during skin turgor assessment indicate?
Dehydration or decreased skin turgor
How are macules defined in terms of skin lesions?
Flat, nonpalpable circumscribed areas up to 1 cm
What does the assessment of skin texture involve during a dermatology exam?
Palpating the skin for roughness or smoothness
In elderly people with hypernatremia, what was significantly associated with this condition according to the study mentioned?
Abnormal subclavicular and thigh skin turgor
How can skin lesions be described based on their characteristics, as mentioned in the text?
Flat, nonpalpable circumscribed areas up to 1 cm
A pulse amplitude of '2' is described in the text as:
Easy to palpate (normal)
Which statement best describes sinus arrhythmia based on the text?
It is common in children, adolescents, and young adults
What type of pulse rhythm is characterized by a pattern of 3 regular beats followed by one missed beat?
Regularly irregular pulse
In which age group is irregularly irregular pulse most commonly observed?
Elderly population
Which type of pulse rhythm has an even tempo with equal intervals between pulsations?
Regularly irregular pulse
Where is Erb's Point located on the chest?
3rd intercostal space on left sternal border
When might you hear the third heart sound?
In early diastole
Which heart sound may be considered normal in children or athletic young adults under 40 years of age?
Third heart sound
What characterizes the fourth heart sound?
Occurs in late diastole
In which cardiac conditions might you hear the fourth heart sound?
Constrictive pericarditis
How is the presence of a third heart sound different from a fourth heart sound?
Association with ventricular stiffness
What is the correct procedure to measure blood pressure according to the text?
Place deflated cuff on patient’s arm, hold the arm at the level of patient’s heart, palpate the radial artery, inflate cuff slowly, and deflate it at a specific rate.
Why should the patient pump their fist 10 times before measuring blood pressure as mentioned in the text?
To stimulate blood flow in the arm.
What is the significance of inflating the blood pressure cuff to a pressure 20-30 mm Hg higher than the value eliminating radial pulse?
To allow for a more accurate measurement of systolic blood pressure.
When assessing cyanosis in individuals of different skin colors, what differences are noted as per the text?
Differences in peripheral and central cyanosis appearance as well as skin color.
What should be done to ensure an accurate assessment of jaundice according to the text?
Examining the eyes for yellow sclera.
What is one key instruction given for locating McBurney's Point?
Connecting ASIS with xiphoid process before palpation.
Which of the following is a common breathing abnormality associated with metabolic acidosis?
Kussmaul
Which type of lung sound is typically heard in pneumonia?
Crackles
Which reflex is assessed by tapping the patellar tendon with a reflex hammer?
Patellar reflex
What is the primary purpose of performing the Romberg test?
Evaluate proprioception and balance
Learn about physical exam techniques and what to verbalize during a dermatology exam in a naturopathic medical student setting. Focus on assessing the skin on the scalp and exploring different areas for better visualization.
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