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Questions and Answers
What is a characteristic of lipids?
What is one of the functions of lipids in the body?
What is the term for lipids that are esters of fatty acids with glycerol?
Which of the following is a type of complex lipid?
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What is the term for lipids that are esters of fatty acids with higher molecular weight monohydric alcohols?
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Lipids provide insulation against changes in what?
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What is one of the roles of lipids in the body?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids?
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What is the general formula for fatty acids?
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How are naturally occurring fatty acids configured at the double bonds?
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What type of lipids contains a fatty acid, sphingosine, and a carbohydrate?
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What is the typical length range for medium chain fatty acids?
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What is the term for fatty acids with a single double bond?
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What is the term for fatty acids that do not have double bonds?
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How can fatty acids bind with glycerol?
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What is the term for fatty acids with 2 or more double bonds?
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What is the primary source of energy for the body?
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What happens to unsaturated fatty acids when treated with halogens under mild conditions?
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What type of salts are formed when fatty acids react with alkali?
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What is the process by which fatty acids are oxidized in the body?
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What can unsaturated fatty acids undergo due to the presence of highly reactive double bonds?
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What is the product formed when glycerol reacts with a fatty acid?
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What is the term for the process of converting unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids?
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What is the term for the formation of a compound when fatty acids react with alcohols?
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Study Notes
Definition and Biological Function of Lipids
- Lipids are organic compounds insoluble in water but freely soluble in non-polar organic solvents.
- They have various biological functions, including energy storage, structural components of bio membranes, metabolic regulators, and surfactants.
Classification of Lipids
- Simple lipids: esters of fatty acids with various alcohols, including fats, oils, and waxes.
- Complex lipids: containing extra groups in addition to an alcohol and esters of fatty acids, including phospholipids and glycolipids.
- Precursor and derived lipids: fatty acids, glycerol, steroids, other alcohols, fatty aldehydes, ketone bodies, lipid-soluble vitamins, and hormones.
Fatty Acids
- General formula: CH₃-(CH₂)n-COOH.
- Classification:
- By length of hydrocarbon chain: short chain (2-6 C), medium chain (8-14 C), long chain (16-24 C), and very long chain (more than 24 C).
- By nature of hydrocarbon chain: saturated and unsaturated (monounsaturated or polyunsaturated).
Properties of Fatty Acids
- Hydrogenation: unsaturated fatty acids can be converted to saturated fatty acids.
- Halogenation: unsaturated fatty acids can take up halogen atoms at each double bond.
- Salt formation: fatty acids form salts with alkali.
- Ester formation: fatty acids can form esters with alcohols, especially with glycerol.
- Oxidation: fatty acids undergo oxidation in the body to give energy, involving beta-oxidation and auto-oxidation.
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of lipid biochemistry, discussed in the first lecture of Clinical Biochemistry at Al-Ayen University's College of Medicine. It's taught by Dr. Mariam Mohammed Ali and covers the fundamentals of lipids.
