Y2S2 - 2012

To be defined as a classical neurotransmitter a substance must be:

In meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae:

Which of the following viruses is transmitted to humans by mosquitoes?

Which of the following statements regarding the targeting of neurotransmitter systems by therapeutic agents is CORRECT?

Chlamydia trachomatis is:

This drug is used intravenously (iv) to control status epilepticus.

This drug is used exclusively in the treatment of absence (petit mal) seizures.

Which proximally placed structure would have been damaged first if the wall of the tube was accidentally damaged?

Consumption of grapefruit juice may cause important interactions with drugs (e.g., statins, calcium channel blockers). This is due to which of the following?

The basic role of the middle ear bones is:

With regard to Treponema pallidum infection which of the following statements is CORRECT?

What is the most effective measure to reduce the spread of infections?

The perception of touch on a particular body region is PRIMARILY enabled by which of the following cortical regions?

A 60‐year‐old alcoholic patient is found unconscious on the road side. On examination he has a GCS of 8; his left pupil is dilated, sluggishly reacting to light. There is motor weakness on the right side of his body. He deteriorates slowly. A CT scan reveals a diffuse hyperdense lesion over the left parietal region. What is the MOST LIKELY cause of his unconsciousness?

A 25‐year‐old football player is involved in a head on collision. After a few minutes of unconsciousness he recovers and is sent to the dressing room. He becomes unconscious again after a few hours. His left pupil is dilated and does not react to light and there is weakness of the right side of his body.

Ray is a 79‐year‐old man who has been admitted to hospital following a stroke. The stroke has affected his speech and processing of language. Damage to which of the following brain regions is MOST LIKELY to produce Ray’s post-stroke difficulties in both comprehending and expressing language?

Which of the following statements is MOST CORRECT in relation to snoring in the adult population?

In a standard polysomnography study, which of the following best describes the main purpose of the electrooculogram (EOG)?

With regard to movements of the neck, which one of the following is CORRECT?

Which of the following pharmacological agents would most likely be associated with an idiosyncratic drug reaction?

Which of the following statements is MOST CORRECT in relation to obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA)?

Which of the following is a side effect of benzodiazepines?

In Parkinson’s disease, there is reduced dopaminergic input from the substantia nigra pars compacta to the striatum. This results in:

Patients with widespread cerebellar lesions often display:

The most likely role for the vagus nerve (CN10) in speech and language function is:

Following damage to axons in the descending lateral corticospinal tract, motor reflexes:

Chlorpromazine is:

Haloperidol results in:

The surface area of the primary motor cortex that is devoted to controlling a myotatic unit is proportional to:

The fastest conducting sensory axons in humans are principally devoted to which type of sensory information?

The cranial nerve, shown in red and indicated by the arrow, is the:

Mrs. Doubtfire woke up with stabbing-like pain in parts of her face. She was later diagnosed as suffering from Tic Douloureux. The cranial nerve affected in this patient is?

Lesion of the posterior thalamus and optic radiations on the left side of the brain will lead to:

A lesion of the posterior parietal cortex on the right side of the brain is likely to lead to:

A patient has a tumor in the cerebellum. They are most likely to present with which of the following?

Which of the following clinical signs would suggest damage to the oculomotor nerve?

A lesion to the facial nerve (CN VII) will most likely result in:

Which of the following is involved in the processing of olfactory information?

Inability to recognize faces (prosopagnosia) is typically caused by damage to:

Which cranial nerve is responsible for accommodation of the lens in the eye?

Inflammation of which of the following structures is responsible for Bell’s palsy?

Which of the following is an essential component of the basal ganglia?

Which of the following neurotransmitters is most closely associated with motor control and Parkinson's disease?

Please select the cognitive domain most prominently affected in each of the following scenarios: When handed a piece of paper and a pen and asked to draw a cube, Eric Smalls, aged 79, writes down his name and address.

Please select the cognitive domain most prominently affected in each of the following scenarios: Despite your encouragement, Doug Colts, aged 66, cannot put the numbers in the correct positions for a clock face.

Transduction of sweet, bitter, and umami flavors is principally mediated by:

What process contributes most heavily to the probability of an olfactory receptor neuron reaching threshold membrane potential for action potential firing?

Mr. John Striker is a 78-year-old male who developed progressive paralysis of the left arm and legs. His MRI scan showed a lesion affecting the part of the medulla oblongata that conveys fibers from the primary motor cortex to the spinal cord. Identify the likely site of the lesion.

Hashim Idris, a 50-year-old fisherman with diabetes mellitus for the last 20 years, presents with palpitations. His pulse is irregularly irregular. What is the most likely finding of the P wave on Hashim’s ECG?

Which of the following statements concerning the use of L-dopa for Parkinsonian patients is CORRECT?

When examining a patient’s eyes with an ophthalmoscope:

With regards to Clinical Breast Examination, it has a:

Papilloedema (swelling around the optic nerve head) is an important clinical sign because it: