Podcast
Questions and Answers
What major shift did John B. Watson contribute to in psychology?
What major shift did John B. Watson contribute to in psychology?
What was the outcome of the Experiment on Little Albert?
What was the outcome of the Experiment on Little Albert?
Little Albert developed a fear of the rat after associated loud noise.
Who first described classical conditioning?
Who first described classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
What is classical conditioning?
What is classical conditioning?
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What is another term for classical conditioning?
What is another term for classical conditioning?
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Match the elements of classical conditioning with their descriptions:
Match the elements of classical conditioning with their descriptions:
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What does an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) do?
What does an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) do?
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What is an unconditioned response (UCR)?
What is an unconditioned response (UCR)?
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What characterizes a conditioned stimulus (CS)?
What characterizes a conditioned stimulus (CS)?
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What is a conditioned response (CR)?
What is a conditioned response (CR)?
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Study Notes
John B. Watson
- Transitioned psychology from introspection to environmental factors influencing behavior.
- Emphasized that learning principles significantly contribute to behavioral development.
Experiment on Little Albert
- Conducted by Watson and Rayner, involving a young boy named Albert.
- Albert was exposed to a rat paired with a loud, frightening noise.
- After repeated pairings, Albert began to cry upon seeing the rat, demonstrating learned fear.
Ivan Pavlov
- Russian psychologist recognized for his work on classical conditioning in 1899.
- His research initially focused on dog digestion, leading to insights on behavioral responses.
Classical Conditioning
- A learning process where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a naturally occurring stimulus.
- Over time, the neutral stimulus elicits a response similar to that of the unconditioned stimulus.
Pavlovian or Respondent Conditioning
- Alternative terms used to describe classical conditioning.
Elements of Classical Conditioning
- Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): Stimulus that produces a natural, automatic response.
- Unconditioned Response (UCR): Reflexive, involuntary reaction to the UCS.
- Conditioned Stimulus (CS): Initially neutral stimulus that gains significance through association with the UCS.
- Conditioned Response (CR): Learned response to the CS, usually resembling the UCR but triggered only by the CS.
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
- Represents any stimulus that reliably triggers a natural response without prior conditioning.
Unconditioned Response (UCR)
- Automatic reaction that occurs in response to the UCS; it is reflexive and involuntary.
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
- A stimulus that starts off neutral and does not elicit a response until it is paired with the UCS.
Conditioned Response (CR)
- The response learned through the association of the CS with the UCS; it occurs only in response to the CS after conditioning.
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Description
Explore the foundational concepts of John B. Watson's approach to psychology, particularly focusing on classical conditioning. This quiz delves into key experiments, including the famous Little Albert study, highlighting the principles of environmentalism in behavior development.
