Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does stimulus discrimination refer to in the context of conditioning?
What does stimulus discrimination refer to in the context of conditioning?
- Learning to respond to certain stimuli but not to others (correct)
- Learning to respond to similar stimuli in the same way
- Conditioning a neutral stimulus to elicit a response
- Creating a fear response to all objects regardless of similarity
What is an example of higher order conditioning?
What is an example of higher order conditioning?
- A child becomes afraid of a black dress but not gray clothes
- A light elicits salivation after being paired with a bell (correct)
- A rat is conditioned to fear a white rat only
- A bell produces salivation after being paired with food
In the conditioning example with Watson, what did the boy fear after the conditioning?
In the conditioning example with Watson, what did the boy fear after the conditioning?
- Anything that resembled the conditioned stimulus (correct)
- Only furry white objects and a specific person
- Only white rats
- All animals
If a child is conditioned to fear a specific person, which outcome reflects proper stimulus discrimination?
If a child is conditioned to fear a specific person, which outcome reflects proper stimulus discrimination?
Which of the following best describes the first order conditioning in Watson's experiment?
Which of the following best describes the first order conditioning in Watson's experiment?
Which type of conditioning involves the unconditioned stimulus occurring simultaneously with the conditioned stimulus?
Which type of conditioning involves the unconditioned stimulus occurring simultaneously with the conditioned stimulus?
What is the process called where a conditioned stimulus loses its ability to elicit a response due to the absence of an unconditioned stimulus?
What is the process called where a conditioned stimulus loses its ability to elicit a response due to the absence of an unconditioned stimulus?
Which conditioning type features a gap between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus?
Which conditioning type features a gap between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus?
What phenomenon occurs when a conditioned response reappears after a time following its extinction?
What phenomenon occurs when a conditioned response reappears after a time following its extinction?
In what type of conditioning does the unconditioned stimulus precede the conditioned stimulus?
In what type of conditioning does the unconditioned stimulus precede the conditioned stimulus?
Which of the following describes the phenomenon where similar stimuli elicit similar responses?
Which of the following describes the phenomenon where similar stimuli elicit similar responses?
Which form of forward conditioning maintains the presence of the conditioned stimulus while introducing the unconditioned stimulus?
Which form of forward conditioning maintains the presence of the conditioned stimulus while introducing the unconditioned stimulus?
Which type of conditioning is characterized by the absence of the conditioned stimulus at the point when the unconditioned stimulus is introduced?
Which type of conditioning is characterized by the absence of the conditioned stimulus at the point when the unconditioned stimulus is introduced?
What is the term for the stimulus that automatically produces a response without prior learning?
What is the term for the stimulus that automatically produces a response without prior learning?
Which component of classical conditioning refers to a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus?
Which component of classical conditioning refers to a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus?
What term did Pavlov use to describe the bell after it was paired with food in his experiments?
What term did Pavlov use to describe the bell after it was paired with food in his experiments?
In Pavlov's experiment, which of the following was the unconditional response?
In Pavlov's experiment, which of the following was the unconditional response?
What does the S-S learning in classical conditioning refer to?
What does the S-S learning in classical conditioning refer to?
What happens to the amount of saliva produced when the bell is rung after the dog has been conditioned?
What happens to the amount of saliva produced when the bell is rung after the dog has been conditioned?
Which of the following best describes the process of classical conditioning?
Which of the following best describes the process of classical conditioning?
What is the primary focus of classical conditioning as described by Pavlov?
What is the primary focus of classical conditioning as described by Pavlov?
Flashcards
Conditioning
Conditioning
The process of learning associations between stimuli and responses.
Classical conditioning
Classical conditioning
A learning theory that establishes an association between two stimuli, resulting in a learned response.
Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
A stimulus that naturally elicits a response without prior learning.
Unconditioned response (UCR)
Unconditioned response (UCR)
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Conditioned stimulus (CS)
Conditioned stimulus (CS)
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Conditioned response (CR)
Conditioned response (CR)
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S-S learning
S-S learning
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Respondent conditioning
Respondent conditioning
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Stimulus Discrimination
Stimulus Discrimination
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Higher-Order Conditioning
Higher-Order Conditioning
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Temporal Sequence
Temporal Sequence
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Simultaneous Conditioning
Simultaneous Conditioning
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Delayed Conditioning
Delayed Conditioning
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Trace Conditioning
Trace Conditioning
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Backward Conditioning
Backward Conditioning
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Extinction
Extinction
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Spontaneous Recovery
Spontaneous Recovery
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Stimulus Generalization
Stimulus Generalization
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Study Notes
Classical Conditioning
- Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, studied digestion and discovered classical conditioning
- Classical conditioning is a learning process where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a significant stimulus, eliciting a similar response
- In Pavlov's experiments, dogs initially salivated only to food (unconditional stimulus) leading to an unconditional response.
- Repeated pairing of a neutral stimulus (e.g., a bell) with food eventually caused the bell (conditioned stimulus) to elicit salivation (conditioned response)
- Key terms:
- Unconditional stimulus (UCS): A stimulus naturally and automatically triggers a response.
- Unconditional response (UCR): The naturally occurring response to the UCS.
- Conditioned stimulus (CS): A previously neutral stimulus that, after association with the UCS, elicits a conditioned response.
- Conditioned response (CR): The learned response to a previously neutral stimulus (CS) that occurs after association with the UCS.
Pavlov's Experiment
- Pavlov measured dog's saliva in response to different stimuli
- Initially, no saliva was produced when a bell was rung
- Through repeated pairings of a bell with food, salivation occurred in response to the bell alone later on.
Four Components of Classical Conditioning
- Unconditional stimulus: Food
- Unconditional response: Salivation to the food
- Conditional stimulus: Bell
- Conditional response: Salivation to the bell
Temporal Sequence in Classical Conditioning
- Temporal sequence refers to the time relationship between the conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (UCS).
- Different types of temporal sequences exist including:
- Simultaneous conditioning
- Delayed conditioning
- Trace conditioning
- Backward conditioning
Extinction
- Extinction occurs when the conditioned stimulus (CS) is presented repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus (UCS), causing the conditioned response (CR) to weaken and eventually disappear.
Spontaneous Recovery
- Spontaneous recovery is the reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a period of rest.
Stimulus Generalization
- Stimulus generalization is the tendency for stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus (CS) to elicit a conditioned response (CR).
Stimulus Discrimination
- Stimulus discrimination is the ability to differentiate between a conditioned stimulus (CS) and other stimuli that are not associated with the unconditioned stimulus (UCS).
Higher-Order Conditioning
- Higher-order conditioning (second-order conditioning) occurs when a new neutral stimulus is paired with a conditioned stimulus (CS), eventually eliciting a conditioned response (CR).
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