Questions and Answers
What is Classical Conditioning also known as?
What does Behaviorism focus on?
Observable cause-and-effect relationships
Who is considered the founding father of behaviorism?
John B Watson
What was John B Watson's most memorable experiment?
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Associative learning relates one signal to another.
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How does classical conditioning start?
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What happens during extinction in classical conditioning?
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What type of conditioning occurs when the CS follows the UCS?
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What is the learning curve in classical conditioning?
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What is generalization in classical conditioning?
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Study Notes
Classical Conditioning
- Also known as Associative Learning, it is a key concept in Behaviorism.
- Involves forming associations between stimuli and responses.
Behaviorism
- Focuses on observable and measurable behaviors, disregarding internal mental states.
- Emphasizes the relationship between stimuli (causes) and behavior (effects).
Key Figures
- John B. Watson is recognized as the founding father of behaviorism, promoting the idea that psychology should be based on observable behaviors.
- Watson’s famous experiment involved Baby Albert, where a child was conditioned to fear a white rat through loud noises.
Classical Conditioning Process
- Starts with the pairing of a Neutral Stimulus (NS) with an Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) to produce a learned response.
- UCS elicits an Unconditioned Response (UCR), which is a reflexive response (e.g., salivation in dogs due to food).
- The NS becomes a Conditioned Stimulus (CS) after repeated pairings, leading to a Conditioned Response (CR).
Conditioning Elements
- UCS: Unconditioned Stimulus (e.g., food) elicits UCR (e.g., salivation).
- NS: Neutral Stimulus (e.g., bell) does not elicit any response initially.
- CS: Conditioned Stimulus (after conditioning, NS becomes CS).
- CR: Conditioned Response (response to CS after conditioning).
Additional Concepts
- Acquisition: The process of learning the association between the CS and UCS, strengthened by repeated pairings.
- Extinction: Occurs when the CS is repeatedly presented without the UCS, leading to a deterioration of the learned association.
- Spontaneous Recovery: The reappearance of a CR after a period of extinction when CS is presented again.
- Learning Curve: The measure of how likely a NS or CS will elicit a CR over time, varying with the number of pairings.
Conditioning Techniques
- Forward Conditioning: CS is presented before UCS, enhancing learning.
- Backward Conditioning: CS follows UCS, generally resulting in weaker associations.
- Generalization: Responding with a CR to stimuli similar to CS.
- Discrimination: The ability to differentiate between similar stimuli and not respond with a CR.
Factors Affecting Conditioning
- Conditioning occurs more rapidly when the NS is relatively unfamiliar.
- A shorter interval between the presentation of CS and UCS leads to faster CR development.
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Description
Test your knowledge on classical conditioning and behaviorism with these flashcards. Each card presents key terms and definitions to help you understand associative learning and observable behaviors. Perfect for psychology students looking to reinforce their understanding of these concepts.
