17 Questions
According to the Compensatory-Response Model, what type of response appears to be the opposite of the original UCR?
Compensatory response
In the context of the opponent-process theory of emotion, what does the 'a-process' refer to?
Primary response
In the context of the opponent-process theory of emotion, what does the 'b-process' refer to?
Compensatory response
In the Compensatory-Response Model, a CS that has been repeatedly associated with the primary response (a-process) to a US will eventually come to elicit a ____________.
Compensatory response (b-process)
In the context of shock naturally eliciting an increase in heart rate, what is shock in this case?
Unconditioned stimulus (US)
In the context of shock naturally eliciting an increase in heart rate, what is the increase in heart rate in this case?
Unconditioned response (UR)
What is the role of the Compensatory-Response Model?
It explains how the body responds to various stimuli with compensatory decreases.
In Pavlovian conditioning, what is the conditioned response (CR) associated with a specific tone?
Decreased heart rate
How does heroin use condition a user in terms of blood pressure and pleasurable feelings?
Increased blood pressure and pleasurable feelings
What may a user experience simply by encountering cues associated with drug use after repeated heroin use?
Unpleasant withdrawal symptoms
What is the aim of drug addiction treatment according to the text?
To weaken the power of drug-related cues and extinguish cravings
How can drug-related cues affect drug tolerance according to the text?
They increase tolerance
What influence does the type of alcohol consumed and the environment have on the compensatory response and tolerance?
Has variable influences on compensatory response and tolerance
How can seemingly fatal drug overdoses result from taking the drug in the presence of cues associated with drug use?
They result in stronger compensatory response and increased tolerance
What is an increase in heart rate considered in the context of Pavlovian conditioning?
US
What does Pavlovian conditioning lead to when paired with a specific tone?
No change in heart rate
What is responsible for conditioning a user to associate a hypodermic needle with heroin?
Increase in blood pressure (UCS) and pleasurable feelings (UCR)
Study Notes
- The Compensatory-Response Model explains how the body responds to various stimuli, including heart rate and drug use, with compensatory decreases.
- An increase in heart rate is a US, and a decrease in heart rate is a CR or UR, depending on the context.
- Pavlovian conditioning can lead to a conditioned response (CR) of decreased heart rate when paired with a specific tone.
- Heroin use can condition a user to associate a hypodermic needle with the drug, resulting in an increase in blood pressure (UCS) and pleasurable feelings (UCR).
- After repeated heroin use, the user may experience unpleasant withdrawal symptoms (CS) simply by encountering cues associated with drug use.
- The withdrawal symptoms are a result of the body's compensatory response to the absence of the drug and the associated cues.
- The aim of drug addiction treatment is to weaken the power of drug-related cues and extinguish cravings through exposure or removal.
- The compensatory-response model has implications for drug tolerance, where the presence of drug-related cues can elicit compensatory reactions and increase tolerance.
- The type of alcohol consumed and the environment can influence the compensatory response and the level of tolerance.
- Some seemingly fatal drug overdoses may actually result from taking the drug in the presence of cues associated with drug use, leading to a weaker or stronger compensatory response and varying levels of drug tolerance.
Test your knowledge of classical conditioning and the compensatory-response model with this quiz. Explore concepts such as the opposite response of the conditioned response, drug reactions, and opponent-process theory of emotion.
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