Classical Conditioning and Learning Theories

Study Notes

Classical Conditioning

Involves transforming a neutral emotional response to a stimulus into a positive emotional response.
Based on the work of Ivan Pavlov, demonstrating how associations are formed through repeated experiences.

Classical Counterconditioning

A method that changes a negative emotional response to a stimulus into a positive one.
Achieved by introducing an inherently pleasurable stimulus (e.g., treats) alongside the original stimulus.

Desensitization

Process aimed at decreasing sensitivity or reactive behavior toward certain stimuli.
Accomplished through gradual and controlled exposure over time.

Learning

A dynamic process that alters behavior or knowledge in response to environmental interactions.
Behaviors can be acquired, omitted, or modified based on experiences.

Conditioning

Refers specifically to the learned responses elicited by particular stimuli.
Serves as the foundation for understanding how associations influence behavior.

Operant Conditioning

Involves modifying behavioral responses based on the consequences of exposure to stimuli.
Also referred to as instrumental learning, focusing on behavior change through reinforcement or punishment.

Positive Reinforcement

The process of adding a desirable stimulus to promote an increase in a specific behavior.
Effective in encouraging desired actions in dogs and other animals.

Positive Punishment

Involves introducing an aversive stimulus to reduce the likelihood of an unwanted behavior.
Utilizes discomfort as a deterrent to influence behavior change.

Negative Punishment

The removal of a valued stimulus to decrease the occurrence of a specific behavior.
Effective in discouraging undesired actions by taking away something the animal desires.

Negative Reinforcement

Consists of eliminating an aversive stimulus to encourage the increase of a specific behavior.
Note: This method is not covered in this course.

Extinction

Describes the weakening of an association between a stimulus and its response when reinforcement is removed.
Leads to a decline in the previously learned behavior over time.

Extinction Burst

A temporary increase in attempts to perform a previously reinforced behavior when it stops yielding expected results.
Indicates the frustration or confusion of the subject in response to the absence of reinforcement.

Description

Explore the concepts of classical conditioning, counterconditioning, and desensitization. Discover how associations are formed and how emotional responses can be altered through various methods. Engage with the fundamental principles that shape learning and behavior modifications.