Questions and Answers
What concept did Charles Darwin introduce to explain how animal populations adapt to their environment?
What technique did Louis Pasteur develop in 1863 to ensure food safety?
Which scientist is credited with discovering that a fungus caused potato blight?
In what year did Carl Ludwig discover the procedure for keeping animal organs alive under in vitro conditions?
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What name did Gregor Mendel assign to the units responsible for heredity?
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What discovery was made by Casimir Joseph Davaine in relation to bacterial infections in plants?
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What was Louis Pasteur's contribution to microbiology related to fermentation?
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Which natural process did Darwin's theory suggest prompted evolution in animal species?
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Who was the first researcher to explain the role of microorganisms in fermentation?
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What significant contribution did Marcello Malpighi make in the 1660s?
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In what year did Giacomo Pylarini first practice small-pox inoculation in children?
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What invention is Nicolas Appert credited with in 1809?
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Which advancement is associated with the development of the field of microbiology?
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What link did Malpighi discover in the 1660s that contributed to our understanding of the nervous system?
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What disease was mainly targeted by Giacomo Pylarini's inoculation method?
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Which of the following is NOT a result of Malpighi and van Leeuwenhoek's contributions?
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What theory regarding the origin of organisms was developed around 1000 AD?
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Who was the Greek philosopher that theorized all inheritance originates from the father?
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In what year did Hindus recognize that some illnesses may run in families?
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What advancement did William Harvey contribute to in the 1630s?
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What process was discovered in ancient Egypt to leverage yeast?
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Which philosopher is noted for hypothesizing on the characteristics of parents and offspring around 420 BC?
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What does the term 'spontaneous generation' refer to?
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Which of the following fields involves advancements made by microbiology?
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Study Notes
Traditional or Classical Biotechnology
- 1856: Carl Ludwig developed a method for maintaining animal organs alive under in vitro conditions.
- 1859: Charles Darwin introduced the concept of natural selection, proposing that animal populations adapt their forms to better suit their environments.
- 1863: Louis Pasteur discovered pasteurization, a technique involving heating wine to eliminate microbes. Heinrich Anton de Bary identified a fungus as the cause of potato blight.
- 1865: Gregor Mendel presented his laws of heredity, suggesting invisible units of information (later called genes) determine observable traits.
- 1868: Casimir Joseph Davaine discovered a heat treatment to cure plants infected with bacteria.
Historical Figures in Biotechnology
- 1660–1675: Marcello Malpighi utilized a microscope to study blood circulation in capillaries and mapped connections between the brain and spinal cord.
- 1673: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was the first to detail the role of microorganisms, including protozoa and bacteria, in fermentation and is known as the Father of Microbiology.
- 1701: Giacomo Pylarini performed the first smallpox inoculation in children, leading to the development of vaccination using cowpox as a safer alternative.
Key Developments in Food Technology
- 1809: Nicolas Appert invented a technique for sterilizing food using heat, earning the title Father of Food Science.
- 6000 BC: Ancient civilizations, including the Sumerians and Babylonians, utilized yeast for brewing beer.
- 4000 BC: Egyptians discovered how to make leavened bread through yeast fermentation.
Philosophical Contributions to Genetics
- 420 BC: Socrates speculated about hereditary traits shared between parents and their offspring.
- 320 BC: Aristotle theorized that all inheritance originates from the male parent.
- 1000 AD: Hindus recognized familial patterns in illnesses and contributed to the theory of abiogenesis or spontaneous generation.
Theoretical Advances
- 1630: William Harvey posited that living organisms, including plants and animals, reproduce sexually, marking the beginning of understanding reproduction in organisms.
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Description
Test your knowledge of classical biotechnology and the key historical figures who contributed to its development. Explore significant discoveries and concepts that laid the foundation of modern biotechnology from the 17th to the 19th centuries.
