Electricity unit review

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of a fuse in an electrical circuit?

  • Provides energy to the circuit
  • Completes the circuit to allow current flow
  • Melts to stop the flow of electrons when heated (correct)
  • Measures the amount of current in the circuit

Which component in a circuit is responsible for producing light?

  • Resistor
  • Light bulb (correct)
  • Ammeter
  • Motor

What does a voltmeter measure in an electrical circuit?

  • The amount of resistance
  • The electric potential (correct)
  • The amount of current
  • The flow of electrons

What is the role of a resistor in an electrical circuit?

<p>To slow down the flow of electrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes an open switch in a circuit?

<p>It prevents the flow of current (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to an object that loses electrons when rubbed with another neutral object?

<p>It becomes positively charged. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of circuit do all components stop working if one component fails?

<p>Series Circuit (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a conductor in terms of electron flow?

<p>To facilitate the flow of electrons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of current flows in one direction only?

<p>Direct Current (DC) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is voltage measured in an electrical system?

<p>In volts (V) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What voltage is required for a coffee grinder with a resistance of 85.0 Ω and a current of 1.41 A?

<p>119.85 V (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Calculate the current drawn by an electric clothes dryer that is connected to a 230 V source and has a resistance of 9.2 Ω.

<p>24.89 A (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the resistance of a device if a voltage of 110 V causes a current of 10 A?

<p>11 Ω (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given a portable radio using a 9.0 V battery that draws a current of 0.025 A, what is the resistance of the radio?

<p>360 Ω (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much voltage drop occurs across an electrical load with a resistance of 4.0 Ω where a current of 3.0 A flows?

<p>12 V (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Ohm' represent in electrical terminology?

<p>Resistance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following materials has the strongest tendency to gain electrons?

<p>Rubber balloon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a basic requirement for a functioning electrical circuit?

<p>Power source, load, wires (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When wool is rubbed on a balloon, what happens to the charges?

<p>The balloon becomes negative, wool positive (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If hair is rubbed against rabbit fur, what is the resulting charge on each?

<p>Rabbit fur becomes positive, hair negative (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the voltage across resistor 2 in the first circuit with a 9.0V voltage source and a voltage drop of 3.0V across resistor 1?

<p>6.0V (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the first circuit, what is the current through resistor 2 if 2.0A is flowing through the circuit?

<p>2.0A (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For the second circuit with a 9.0V source, if the current before resistor 2 is 3.0A and it splits with 1.0A going through another resistor, what is the current through resistor 2?

<p>2.0A (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total voltage drop in the second circuit if the voltage source is 9.0V and two different currents are present?

<p>9.0V (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the voltage across resistor 2 in the second circuit needs to be calculated after knowing the total voltage and the voltages across other resistors, which calculation is appropriate?

<p>Total voltage minus the voltage drops across other resistors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which components should be included in a circuit diagram for a circuit consisting of a 2-cell battery, light bulb, and a motor?

<p>2-cell battery, light bulb, motor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a circuit with a 1-cell battery, open switch, resistor, and ammeter, what is the correct order of components?

<p>Battery, switch, resistor, ammeter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What additional component is necessary in a circuit that includes a 2-cell battery, open switch, fuse, motor, and ground wire?

<p>Fuse (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total voltage supplied in a circuit with a 3-cell battery that also includes a closed switch, clock, and two light bulbs?

<p>9 V (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a circuit diagram that includes a 2-cell battery, an open switch, a resistor, and an ammeter, what would be the typical output if the switch is closed?

<p>Current would flow through the resistor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of geothermal energy?

<p>Produces no carbon emissions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disadvantage is common to both geothermal and nuclear energy?

<p>Produces hazardous waste (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an advantage unique to tidal energy?

<p>Energy can be stored (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major disadvantage of fossil fuels?

<p>They are a finite resource (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does nuclear energy primarily compare to geothermal energy in terms of carbon emissions?

<p>Both produce no carbon emissions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one significant disadvantage of hydroelectric power?

<p>It can harm aquatic environments. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about solar energy is true?

<p>Solar energy reduces electricity bills. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique advantage of wind power?

<p>It creates good paying jobs and businesses. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common disadvantage of biomass energy?

<p>It releases carbon dioxide when burned. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major requirement for wind power generation?

<p>Constant availability of wind. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cell

A component that provides energy to the circuit.

Open switch

A component that stops the flow of current in a circuit.

Closed switch

A component that completes the circuit allowing current to flow.

Resistor

A component that slows down the flow of electrons in a circuit.

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Voltmeter

A component that measures the amount of electric potential in a circuit.

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Static electricity

A build-up of electric charge on a surface caused by an imbalance of electrons.

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Friction (in static electricity)

The transfer of electrons between two objects when they are rubbed together.

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Grounding

The process of removing excess charge from an object by transferring it to the ground or a neutral object.

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Conductor

Materials that allow electric current to flow easily through them.

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Insulator

Materials that resist the flow of electric current.

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Ohm's Law

The relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in an electrical circuit. It states that the voltage across a conductor is directly proportional to the current flowing through it, provided the temperature remains constant.

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Resistance

The opposition to the flow of electric current in a circuit. Measured in Ohms (Ω).

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Electric Current

The rate of flow of electric charge. Measured in Amperes (A).

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Voltage

The potential difference between two points in an electrical circuit. Measured in Volts (V).

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Voltage Drop

The amount of voltage that is lost when current flows through a component in a circuit. Measured in Volts (V).

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Current in a series circuit

The total current flowing through a series circuit is the same at all points.

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Voltage in a series circuit

The sum of the voltage drops across each resistor in a series circuit equals the total voltage of the source.

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Resistance in a series circuit

The total resistance of a series circuit is equal to the sum of the resistances of all the individual resistors.

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Current in a parallel circuit

The current through a parallel branch is inversely proportional to the resistance of that branch.

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Voltage in a parallel circuit

The voltage across each branch of a parallel circuit is the same.

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Fuse

A component that breaks the flow of electricity if the current gets too high, protecting the circuit from damage.

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Series Circuit

A circuit that has a single path for the current to flow through.

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Parallel Circuit

A circuit that has multiple paths for the current to flow through.

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Renewable Energy

Energy derived from natural resources that replenish themselves over time, such as solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal.

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Geothermal Energy

Harnessing heat from the Earth's core to generate electricity.

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Tidal Energy

Using the rise and fall of ocean tides to generate electricity.

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Fossil Fuel Energy

Generating electricity from the combustion of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas.

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Nuclear Energy

Using nuclear reactions to release energy and generate electricity.

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Hydroelectric power

Hydroelectric power plants use the force of flowing water to turn turbines and generate electricity.

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Solar power

Solar energy utilizes solar panels to convert sunlight directly into electricity.

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Wind power

Wind turbines harness the kinetic energy of wind to generate electricity.

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Biomass power

Biomass power plants burn organic materials, such as wood or crops, to generate heat and electricity.

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Study Notes

Circuit Diagram Symbols

  • 2-Cell Battery: Symbol: Two connected battery symbols (+ and -)
  • 3-Cell Battery: Symbol: Three connected battery symbols (+ and -)
  • Open Switch: Symbol: Two lines connected to a gap.
  • Closed Switch: Symbol: Two lines connected with a continuous line.
  • Fuse: Symbol: A symbol resembling a small glass tube with a thin wire.
  • Light bulb: Symbol : A circle with a filament inside.
  • Motor: Symbol : A set of lines in a figure eight configuration.
  • Resistor: Symbol : A zig-zag line.
  • Ammeter: Symbol: A circle with the letter "A" inside.
  • Voltmeter: Symbol: A circle with the letter "V" inside.
  • Ground Connection: Symbol: A line extending downwards with an arrowhead.
  • Conducting Wire: Symbol: A straight line.

Circuit Functions

  • Battery: Provides energy to the circuit, producing an electric potential difference.
  • 2-Cell or 3-Cell Battery: Provides energy to the circuit, producing an electric potential difference.
  • Open Switch: Stops the current flow, making the circuit inactive.
  • Closed Switch: Completes the circuit so that it works.
  • Fuse: Will melt and stop the flow of electrons when heated to high temperatures, protecting the circuit from excessive current.
  • Light bulb: Produces light and converts electrical energy to light and heat energy.
  • Motor: Slows down the flow of current and converts electrical energy to mechanical energy.
  • Resistor: Slows the flow of electrons in a circuit and helps control the flow; converts electrical energy into other forms of energy like heat and sound.
  • Ammeter: Measures the amount of current flowing through a part of a circuit.
  • Voltmeter: Measures electric potential difference (voltage) between two points in a circuit.
  • Ground Connection: Connects circuits to the ground, removing excess electric charges.
  • Conducting Wire: Connects parts of the circuit, facilitating the flow of electrons.

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