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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of chromatography?
What is the primary purpose of chromatography?
Chromatography is primarily used to separate the components of a sample.
What are the two phases involved in chromatography?
What are the two phases involved in chromatography?
The two phases are the stationary phase and the mobile phase.
Which of these can the stationary phase be?
Which of these can the stationary phase be?
- Solid (correct)
- Liquid supported on a solid (correct)
- Gel (correct)
- All of the above
What are the two possible states of the mobile phase?
What are the two possible states of the mobile phase?
What is the process of chromatography?
What is the process of chromatography?
Chromatography is a separation method where the analyte is combined within a liquid or gaseous mobile phase and pumped through a stationary phase.
Chromatography is a separation method where the analyte is combined within a liquid or gaseous mobile phase and pumped through a stationary phase.
In chromatography, one phase is hydrophilic and the other is lipophilic.
In chromatography, one phase is hydrophilic and the other is lipophilic.
What determines the time a component spends in the stationary phase?
What determines the time a component spends in the stationary phase?
What is the driving force for solute migration in chromatography?
What is the driving force for solute migration in chromatography?
What is the resulting force that contributes to separation in chromatography?
What is the resulting force that contributes to separation in chromatography?
What is the specific time called when a sample component elutes from the stationary phase?
What is the specific time called when a sample component elutes from the stationary phase?
How are the components' signals recorded in chromatography?
How are the components' signals recorded in chromatography?
What are the two possible states of the mobile phase in chromatography?
What are the two possible states of the mobile phase in chromatography?
The stationary phase in chromatography can be either a solid or a liquid.
The stationary phase in chromatography can be either a solid or a liquid.
What continuously exchanges solute molecules between the two phases in chromatography?
What continuously exchanges solute molecules between the two phases in chromatography?
A component that favors the moving fluid will spend more time in the stationary phase than in the mobile phase.
A component that favors the moving fluid will spend more time in the stationary phase than in the mobile phase.
What is the ratio of the times spent in the moving and stationary regions of a component known as?
What is the ratio of the times spent in the moving and stationary regions of a component known as?
What is chromatography defined as?
What is chromatography defined as?
Based on what factor are types of chromatography categorized?
Based on what factor are types of chromatography categorized?
Which of these types of chromatography are categorized based on the interaction between the solute and the stationary phase?
Which of these types of chromatography are categorized based on the interaction between the solute and the stationary phase?
Which types of chromatography are categorized based on the physical shape?
Which types of chromatography are categorized based on the physical shape?
Which types of chromatography are classified based on the shape of the chromatographic bed?
Which types of chromatography are classified based on the shape of the chromatographic bed?
Which type of chromatography uses a very thin layer of adsorbent such as silica gel and alumina?
Which type of chromatography uses a very thin layer of adsorbent such as silica gel and alumina?
What is the plate used in Thin Layer Chromatography known as?
What is the plate used in Thin Layer Chromatography known as?
Paper chromatography is an inexpensive method that uses paper sheets or strips as the stationary phase.
Paper chromatography is an inexpensive method that uses paper sheets or strips as the stationary phase.
Paper chromatography is a powerful analytical tool that uses very small quantities of material.
Paper chromatography is a powerful analytical tool that uses very small quantities of material.
Who discovered paper chromatography in 1943?
Who discovered paper chromatography in 1943?
Column chromatography is a separation method where the analyte is combined within a liquid or gaseous mobile phase and pumped through a stationary phase.
Column chromatography is a separation method where the analyte is combined within a liquid or gaseous mobile phase and pumped through a stationary phase.
What does eluent refer to in chromatography?
What does eluent refer to in chromatography?
In column chromatography, a mobile phase moves over a stationary phase, carrying the components with higher absorptivity to a lower distance than those with lower absorptivity.
In column chromatography, a mobile phase moves over a stationary phase, carrying the components with higher absorptivity to a lower distance than those with lower absorptivity.
Column chromatography is a 2-dimensional technique where the stationary phase is spread as a layer.
Column chromatography is a 2-dimensional technique where the stationary phase is spread as a layer.
Chromatography is an essential part of almost any protein purification strategy.
Chromatography is an essential part of almost any protein purification strategy.
Ion exchange chromatography and size exclusion chromatography are two examples of chromatographic techniques used for protein purification and analysis.
Ion exchange chromatography and size exclusion chromatography are two examples of chromatographic techniques used for protein purification and analysis.
A more advanced column chromatography should be used for protein purification for specific applications.
A more advanced column chromatography should be used for protein purification for specific applications.
What does HPLC stand for?
What does HPLC stand for?
What are some key components of a chromatograph used in HPLC?
What are some key components of a chromatograph used in HPLC?
Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) is capable of high-speed analysis.
Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) is capable of high-speed analysis.
Only compounds in a gaseous state can be analyzed using HPLC.
Only compounds in a gaseous state can be analyzed using HPLC.
What can HPLC be used for in terms of analyzing samples?
What can HPLC be used for in terms of analyzing samples?
What is the solvent used to separate components in a liquid sample for HPLC analysis called?
What is the solvent used to separate components in a liquid sample for HPLC analysis called?
In HPLC, the mobile phase is delivered to a separation column, which is otherwise known as the stationary phase.
In HPLC, the mobile phase is delivered to a separation column, which is otherwise known as the stationary phase.
What controls the stable flow rate of the mobile phase in HPLC?
What controls the stable flow rate of the mobile phase in HPLC?
What happens to the separated components downstream of the column in HPLC?
What happens to the separated components downstream of the column in HPLC?
HPLC is a reliable and precise way to check product purity in pharmaceutical development.
HPLC is a reliable and precise way to check product purity in pharmaceutical development.
HPLC is typically the primary method used for large-scale production of drugs due to its cost-effectiveness.
HPLC is typically the primary method used for large-scale production of drugs due to its cost-effectiveness.
HPLC can be used to analyze nutrients in blood and other biological samples.
HPLC can be used to analyze nutrients in blood and other biological samples.
HPLC is generally considered a more cost-effective alternative compared to other techniques for measuring vitamin D levels in the blood.
HPLC is generally considered a more cost-effective alternative compared to other techniques for measuring vitamin D levels in the blood.
HPLC can be used to detect drug traces in urine.
HPLC can be used to detect drug traces in urine.
HPLC can be used to identify metabolites, which are produced by a reaction to the substance, and are not typically found in the original drug.
HPLC can be used to identify metabolites, which are produced by a reaction to the substance, and are not typically found in the original drug.
HPLC findings alone can be used as evidence in police charges.
HPLC findings alone can be used as evidence in police charges.
HPLC can be used to identify and quantify specific metabolites in patients with Parkinson's or heart disease.
HPLC can be used to identify and quantify specific metabolites in patients with Parkinson's or heart disease.
HPLC is often used to identify and quantify pesticides, preservatives, and artificial flavorings and colorants in food production.
HPLC is often used to identify and quantify pesticides, preservatives, and artificial flavorings and colorants in food production.
What type of substances does gas chromatography analyze?
What type of substances does gas chromatography analyze?
In gas chromatography, the mobile phase used is a chemically inert gas that serves to carry the molecules of the analyte through the heated column.
In gas chromatography, the mobile phase used is a chemically inert gas that serves to carry the molecules of the analyte through the heated column.
Gas chromatography does utilize the mobile phase to interact with the analyte.
Gas chromatography does utilize the mobile phase to interact with the analyte.
What are the two types of stationary phases used in gas chromatography?
What are the two types of stationary phases used in gas chromatography?
What is a solid adsorbent stationary phase in gas chromatography called?
What is a solid adsorbent stationary phase in gas chromatography called?
What is a liquid stationary phase in gas chromatography called?
What is a liquid stationary phase in gas chromatography called?
What is the process of vaporizing the sample in gas chromatography known as?
What is the process of vaporizing the sample in gas chromatography known as?
The detector in gas chromatography converts the amount of each component into an electrical signal.
The detector in gas chromatography converts the amount of each component into an electrical signal.
GC is primarily used for analyzing flavor and aroma compounds in various samples.
GC is primarily used for analyzing flavor and aroma compounds in various samples.
GC can identify and quantify each component in a particular pharmaceutical product.
GC can identify and quantify each component in a particular pharmaceutical product.
GC can be used to identify and quantify specific chemicals released into the air by products.
GC can be used to identify and quantify specific chemicals released into the air by products.
GC can be used to detect drugs from samples of bodily fluids.
GC can be used to detect drugs from samples of bodily fluids.
GC can be used to test for illegal or prohibited drug usage in legal cases and by sporting bodies.
GC can be used to test for illegal or prohibited drug usage in legal cases and by sporting bodies.
Samples analyzed by GC should be volatile and thermostable.
Samples analyzed by GC should be volatile and thermostable.
Flashcards
Chromatography
Chromatography
A separation technique where components are distributed between a stationary phase and a moving mobile phase.
Stationary Phase
Stationary Phase
The phase in chromatography that remains fixed, allowing different components to interact with it at different rates.
Mobile Phase
Mobile Phase
The phase in chromatography that moves, carrying the components of a mixture through the stationary phase.
Retention Time
Retention Time
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Partition Coefficient
Partition Coefficient
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Ion Exchange Chromatography
Ion Exchange Chromatography
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Size Exclusion Chromatography
Size Exclusion Chromatography
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Partition Chromatography
Partition Chromatography
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Adsorption Chromatography
Adsorption Chromatography
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Column Chromatography
Column Chromatography
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Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)
Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)
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Paper Chromatography
Paper Chromatography
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High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
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Gas Chromatography (GC)
Gas Chromatography (GC)
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Gas-Solid Chromatography (GSC)
Gas-Solid Chromatography (GSC)
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Gas-Liquid Chromatography (GLC)
Gas-Liquid Chromatography (GLC)
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HPLC Analysis
HPLC Analysis
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GC Analysis
GC Analysis
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Purification
Purification
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Pesticide Analysis by Chromatography
Pesticide Analysis by Chromatography
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Drug Detection in Bodily Fluids
Drug Detection in Bodily Fluids
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Metabolite Analysis
Metabolite Analysis
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Quality Control in Manufacturing
Quality Control in Manufacturing
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Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC)
Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC)
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Volatility
Volatility
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Thermal Stability
Thermal Stability
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Study Notes
Lecture 8: Chromatography
- The lecture was on Biological and Chemical Analytics (BIOT303) in the Faculty of Biotechnology at German International University (GIU).
- The lecturer was Dr. Rana A. Youness, Head of Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT).
- Contact information for Dr. Youness was provided.
- Learning Objectives (LOs) were outlined. Students will be able to define chromatography, differentiate between solid and mobile phases, identify different chromatography types, understand HPLC and GC principles, and list applications in pharmaceutical and biotechnology fields.
Chromatography
- Chromatography is a method used for separating components in a sample based on their distribution between two phases; one stationary (solid, liquid, or gel) and one mobile.
- The stationary phase can be packed in a column, spread as a layer, or distributed as a film.
- The mobile phase can be gaseous or liquid.
- Separated components are carried separately according to their solubility differences in the pure solvent.
Chromatography Principle
- Chromatography involves the analyte interacting with the stationary and mobile phases.
- Polarity differences between phases result in varying retention times.
- The amount of time spent in the mobile phase versus the stationary phase determines the separation.
- The retention time is the specific time for each component that elutes from the stationary phase.
- A chromatogram displays the detected signals and plots them in relation to their elution times.
Types of Chromatography
- Chromatography is categorized based on interaction with the stationary phase (adsorption, partition, ion exchange, size exclusion), the chromatographic bed shape (planar or column), and the physical shape of the system.
- Examples include: Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Paper Chromatography, Column Chromatography, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Gas Chromatography (GC), and Gas-Solid Chromatography (GSC).
- Chromatography techniques can be two-dimensional or three-dimensional.
- TLC uses a thin layer adsorbent (like silica gel or alumina) on a plate.
- Paper Chromatography uses paper as the adsorbent.
Ion Exchange Chromatography
- Separates substances based on charge (+ or -).
- Stationary phase contains charged groups that attract ions with opposite charges.
Size Exclusion Chromatography
- Separates by size.
- Porous beads in the stationary phase trap smaller molecules.
Partition Chromatography
- Separates based on solubility differences.
- The stationary phase and the mobile phase have different solubility preferences for different compounds.
- Different compounds will migrate with differing degrees and thus become separated.
Adsorption Chromatography
- Separates based on the affinity of substances to the adsorbent.
- The stationary phase has a high affinity for certain compounds, and they will spend more time interacting with and adsorbing into the stationary phase.
HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography)
- HPLC is used to separate compounds dissolved in a liquid, and then to analyze these separated components.
- HPLC is a useful technique for various applications, including the analysis of nutrients in blood and the identification of drug traces in urine.
GC (Gas Chromatography)
- Gas chromatography is used to analyze volatile substances and their components.
- A carrier gas in the mobile phase separates the components according to their affinities for the stationary phase.
- The separated compounds, in turn, can be identified by the chromatogram.
Applications
- Applications of chromatography include pharmaceutical development (drug purity checks, identifying metabolites), medical diagnostics (measuring vitamin levels, detecting drug use), legal issues (detecting drugs or poisons), pollution monitoring, and food production (measuring pesticides or preservatives).
Chromatography Summary
- Chromatography is a versatile technique for separating, purifying and analyzing various compounds in different forms and phases. Different types of chromatography address different needs and chemistries.
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Description
This quiz covers Lecture 8 of Biological and Chemical Analytics (BIOT303), focusing on chromatography techniques. Students will explore the definition, types, principles of HPLC and GC, and applications in pharmaceutical and biotechnology fields. Test your understanding of chromatography and its significance in analytics.
