Childhood Development Quiz #3

Discover Learning

• Encourages children to explore and learn through spontaneous interaction with their environment.
• Teachers provide diverse activities to foster exploration rather than delivering ready-made knowledge.

Sensitivity to Children's Readiness

• Teachers introduce activities that align with children's current cognitive development.
• Focus on challenging misperceptions without rushing development based on premature skill introduction.

Acceptance of Individual Differences

• Acknowledges that children progress through the same developmental stages at varying rates.
• Educational activities are tailored for individuals and small groups, rather than a one-size-fits-all approach.

Private Speech

• Refers to self-directed speech used for personal communication, guidance, and regulating behavior.

Zone of Proximal Learning

• Represents tasks that children find too challenging to tackle independently but can accomplish with assistance from adults or competent peers.

Scaffolding

• Involves adjusting the support provided during instruction to match the child's current capability level.

Reciprocal Teaching

• A collaborative instructional strategy where a teacher and a small group of students alternate leading discussions on a text.
• Involves applying questioning, summarizing, clarifying, and predicting techniques to enhance comprehension.

Cooperative Learning

• Involves small groups of classmates working together to achieve shared objectives, fostering teamwork and collaborative skills.

Sensory Register

• The initial process through which children engage with and respond to sensory stimuli in their surroundings.

Short Term Memory

• Retains focused information for a brief period, allowing for active manipulation to meet specific goals.

Working Memory

• Measures the capacity to temporarily hold and process information while engaged in cognitive tasks.

Central Executive

• Manages the flow of information and oversees complex cognitive activities, enabling flexible thinking.

Automatic Processes

• Well-learned actions that do not occupy working memory space, allowing focus on additional tasks while performing them.

Long Term Memory

• A vast and unlimited store of permanent knowledge and experiences.

Executive Function

• Comprises cognitive strategies essential for initiating and sustaining purposeful behavior in novel or challenging situations.

Sustained Attention

• The capability to maintain focus on a singular activity or stimulus over an extended duration.

Selective Attention

• Involves focusing on certain stimuli while filtering out others occurring simultaneously.

Adaptable Attention

• The mental flexibility to switch focus between tasks that use different cognitive processes.

Inhibition Attention

• Refers to the ability to suppress distractions from both internal thoughts and external stimuli.

Production Deficiency

• Occurs when individuals do not generate strategies, relying on trial and error for problem-solving.

Control Deficiency

• Characterized by creating strategies but then abandoning them after a single unsuccessful attempt.

Utilization Deficiency

• Involves employing strategies that do not yield success, leading to a tendency to discard effective methods.

Effective Strategy

• The consistent use of strategies that result in noticeable improvement in performance.

Rehearsal

• A memory strategy that involves repeating information to retain it in working memory.

Elaboration

• Creating relationships between disparate pieces of information to enhance memory retention.

Episodic Memory

• Personal recollections of specific events that occurred at designated times and places.

Scripts

• Generalized frameworks describing the sequence of events that typically occur in specific situations.

Autobiographical Memory

• Comprises long-lasting images of unique personal experiences, often imbued with emotional significance.

Eyewitness Memory

• Memory specific to an individual's recollections of witnessing a crime or significant event.

Media Multitasking

• The act of engaging with multiple forms of media or devices simultaneously.

Recognition

• The process of identifying a stimulus as familiar or identical to one previously encountered.

Recall

• Involves the generation of mental representations for stimuli that are not currently present.