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Questions and Answers
What percentage of heritability is associated with bipolar disorder?
Which of the following factors is most emphasized by the nurture side of the nature vs nurture debate?
Who is a historical figure known for attributing intelligence mainly to genetic factors?
What role does proper nourishment play in the development of height according to the content?
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In the Kellogg study, what was the primary objective of raising a chimpanzee with a human child?
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Which argument do researchers use to explain lower IQ scores in certain groups?
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How can the nature vs nurture debate be summarized regarding height development?
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What misconception might arise from attributing lower IQ scores to genetics?
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What is the main focus of heredity in the context of development?
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Which law of heredity suggests that both parents contribute equally to the traits of their offspring?
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What is a consequence of malnutrition on child development?
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How does urbanization most positively affect child development?
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During which conditions is accelerated growth most likely to be observed?
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Which of the following statements about genetic versus environmental influences is true?
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What impact does socioeconomic status have on child development?
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What is a common outcome for children exposed to urban slum conditions?
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What is the main argument of the nature versus nurture debate?
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What methodology is primarily used to assess the impact of genetics versus the environment in the nature vs. nurture debate?
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Which of the following statements about intelligence is supported by historical perspectives?
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How have researchers quantified the contributions of nature and nurture?
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What was the determined percentage regarding the impact of genetics and environment on personality traits and diseases?
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What role does nutrition play in child development according to the nature vs. nurture discussion?
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Which of the following best describes the consensus among contemporary researchers about nature and nurture?
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How does the nature versus nurture debate view the role of genetics in certain diseases?
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Study Notes
Nature vs. Nurture in Child Development
- Nature: Proponents argue that genetics solely determine aspects of life, including intelligence and physical traits, as influenced by one's genetic makeup.
- Nurture: Emphasizes the environment's critical role in shaping an individual’s intelligence and abilities, asserting that genetics has minimal influence on personal development.
- Debate Context: Both sides provide verifiable evidence making it complex for theorists to disprove the opposing view, leading to a more integrated perspective that sees interaction between nature and nurture as significant.
Contributions of Nature and Nurture
- Research suggests a near-equal contribution to human behaviors, with roughly 50% attributed to genetics and 50% to environmental factors.
- Twin Studies: Analyzed over 2,700 studies involving 14.5 million twins, revealing that genetic influence on personality traits and diseases is about 49% and 51% from environmental factors.
- Certain diseases, like bipolar disorder, display a higher heritability rate (approximately 70%).
Examples Affecting Intelligence and Height
- IQ Development: Early thinkers like Francis Galton attributed intelligence largely to genetics, whereas others highlight environmental factors, including bias and systemic discrimination, impacting test outcomes.
- Height and Nutrition: Genetic predispositions for height can be inhibited by improper nutrition; access to adequate nourishment is vital for achieving genetic height potential.
Kellogg Study on Environmental Influence
- Researchers Winthrop and Luella Kellogg raised a female chimpanzee, Gua, alongside their son, Donald, in a controlled environment to study similarities and differences in development based on environmental factors.
Heredity Overview
- Definition: Heredity is the total potential inherited at birth, involving genetic traits passed from parents to offspring via chromosomes.
- Genetic inheritance influences physical characteristics, temperament, and behavioral predispositions while setting limits on potential based on environmental facilitation.
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Laws of Heredity:
- Like produces like: Offspring resemble their parents.
- Dominant traits are more easily inherited than recessive ones.
- Both parents contribute equally to offspring traits.
Environmental Factors in Development
- Nutrition: Malnutrition leads to growth failure; timely correction in childhood can result in full recovery and standard growth outcomes.
- Socioeconomic Status: Higher status correlates with better education, nutrition, and healthcare, promoting improved growth and overall development.
- Urbanization Impact: Urbanization often results in taller stature due to better food supply, health services, and education; however, disparities exist in developing nations.
- Climate and Seasonal Influence: Growth rates fluctuate seasonally, with significant peaks during growth surges compared to slower periods.
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Description
This quiz explores the key factors influencing growth and development in children, focusing on the debate between nature and nurture. It examines how genetics and environmental influences shape intelligence and physical attributes. Ideal for autumn 2024 psychology classes under Dr. Prama Bhattacharya.