Chemistry Terms and Definitions Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is chemistry?

  • The branch of science that deals with the composition, structure, and properties of matter (correct)
  • The study of carbon compounds
  • The study of non-carbon compounds
  • The study of reactions and properties of matter

    • What is physical chemistry?

    The branch of chemistry which deals with applying the theories of physics to the study of reactions and properties of matter.

    What is organic chemistry?

    The branch of chemistry which deals with studying carbon compounds.

    What is inorganic chemistry?

    <p>The branch of chemistry which deals with studying non-carbon compounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is biochemistry?

    <p>The branch of chemistry which deals with the study of living organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is analytical chemistry?

    <p>The branch of chemistry which deals with identifying which substances are present in materials and how much of each is present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a system of measurement?

    <p>A collection of compatible, related units that can be used to measure quantities such as length, mass, or volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the metric system?

    <p>A system of measurement based on units of ten, officially known as SI.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a meter?

    <p>The metric unit of length.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a liter?

    <p>The metric unit of volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does nano- mean?

    <p>A metric prefix meaning billionth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does micro- mean?

    <p>A metric prefix meaning millionth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does milli- mean?

    <p>A metric prefix meaning thousandth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does centi- mean?

    <p>A metric prefix meaning hundredth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does kilo- mean?

    <p>A metric prefix meaning thousand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does mega- mean?

    <p>A metric prefix meaning million.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is mass?

    <p>Measure of the quantity of matter in an object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is weight?

    <p>Measure of the force of gravity upon an object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is density?

    <p>Mass per unit volume of a substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Celsius?

    <p>A unit of measuring temperature where freezing point is 0 degrees and boiling point is 100 degrees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is absolute zero?

    <p>The lowest possible temperature; -273.15 C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is kelvin?

    <p>A unit of measuring temperature where each unit kelvin is equal to one unit Celsius.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a second?

    <p>The metric unit of time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is precision in chemistry?

    <p>The consistency or reproducibility of an experiment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is accuracy?

    <p>The measure of how close a measurement is to the actual, exact value.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are significant figures?

    <p>All digits that are certain in a measurement, including one uncertain digit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an exact number?

    <p>A number resulting from counting instead of measuring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is matter?

    <p>Anything which occupies space and has mass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a solid?

    <p>State of matter in which objects have a definite shape and volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a liquid?

    <p>State of matter in which objects have a definite volume but not a definite shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a gas?

    <p>State of matter in which objects have neither a definite shape nor volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is melting point?

    <p>The temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is boiling point?

    <p>The temperature at which a liquid may be evaporated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is plasma?

    <p>A hot gas in which atoms are partially broken down to form ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a substance?

    <p>A form of matter that has unique properties which differentiate it from other substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an atom?

    <p>The smallest particle of an individual element.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an element?

    <p>A substance which cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a molecule?

    <p>Group of 2 or more atoms that are chemically combined.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a compound?

    <p>A substance which can be decomposed by chemical means into simpler substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a formula?

    <p>A grouping of symbols which tells what kinds of atoms compose a compound, as well as the number of each kind of atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chemistry Overview

    • Chemistry is the scientific discipline focused on the composition, structure, properties of matter, and the changes it undergoes.

    Branches of Chemistry

    • Physical Chemistry: Integrates physics principles to analyze the reactions and properties of matter.
    • Organic Chemistry: Concentrates on carbon-containing compounds and their reactions.
    • Inorganic Chemistry: Studies non-carbon compounds and their properties.
    • Biochemistry: Examines the chemical processes within living organisms.
    • Analytical Chemistry: Identifies substances in materials and quantifies their amounts.

    Measurement Systems

    • System of Measurement: A cohesive set of units used to measure physical quantities like length, mass, and volume.
    • Metric System (SI): A decimal-based measurement system relying on units of ten.

    Metric Units

    • Meter: The fundamental unit of length in the metric system.
    • Liter: The metric unit used for measuring volume.
    • Prefixes:
      • Nano-: Represents one billionth.
      • Micro-: Represents one millionth.
      • Milli-: Represents one thousandth.
      • Centi-: Represents one hundredth.
      • Kilo-: Represents one thousand.
      • Mega-: Represents one million.

    Basic Physical Properties

    • Mass: Quantifies the amount of matter contained in an object.
    • Weight: Measures the gravitational force acting on an object.
    • Density: Defined as the mass of a substance divided by its volume.

    Temperature Scales

    • Celsius: Measures temperature with water freezing at 0°C and boiling at 100°C.
    • Absolute Zero: Theoretical lowest temperature (-273.15°C) where molecular motion completely halts.
    • Kelvin: Temperature scale starting from absolute zero, with each Kelvin unit equivalent to one degree Celsius.

    Time Measurement

    • Second: The basic unit of time in the metric system.

    Experimental Measurements

    • Precision: Refers to the repeatability or consistency of experimental results.
    • Accuracy: How close a measured value is to the true or expected value.
    • Significant Figures: Includes all certain digits in a measurement plus one uncertain digit.
    • Exact Number: Results from counting, thus not subject to measurement uncertainty.

    States of Matter

    • Matter: Any substance that occupies space and possesses mass.
    • States of Matter:
      • Solid: Has definite shape and volume.
      • Liquid: Has definite volume but takes the shape of its container.
      • Gas: Lacks both definite shape and volume.
      • Plasma: Composed of ions and free electrons, existing at extremely high temperatures.

    Phase Changes

    • Melting Point: The specific temperature at which a solid transitions into a liquid.
    • Boiling Point: The temperature a liquid reaches to begin vaporization.

    Matter Composition

    • Substance: A material with distinct properties that differentiate it from others.
    • Atom: The smallest unit of an element.
    • Element: A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances via chemical reactions.
    • Molecule: A cluster of two or more atoms bonded chemically.
    • Compound: A substance that can be chemically decomposed into simpler substances.
    • Chemical Formula: Symbolic representation of the types and numbers of atoms in a molecule.
    • Pure Substance: Consistently possesses the same properties throughout.

    Summary

    These essential concepts in chemistry provide foundational knowledge for understanding chemical interactions, properties of matter, and measurement systems crucial for scientific inquiry.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of key chemistry terms and their definitions with this set of flashcards. From general concepts to specific branches, this quiz provides an excellent way to enhance your understanding of chemistry vocabulary.

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