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What is the state of matter that has a fixed shape and volume?
What is the process called when a liquid becomes a gas?
What is the temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas rapidly with the formation of bubbles?
What is the process called when a solid becomes a gas without passing through the liquid state?
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According to the kinetic molecular theory, what is the arrangement of particles in a solid?
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What is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?
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Who observed the random, erratic movement of particles suspended in a fluid?
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What is the state of matter that fills the entire volume of its container?
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What is the main contribution of James Chadwick?
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What is the main characteristic of the Quantum Mechanical Model?
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What is the unit of measurement used to simplify the masses of atoms?
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What is the purpose of atomic models in science?
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What is the mass of a carbon atom in atomic mass units (amu)?
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What is the significance of Rutherford's Alpha-Particle Scattering Experiment?
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What is the main difference between the Rutherford's Nuclear Model and the Quantum Mechanical Model?
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What is the main limitation of directly measuring the mass of a single atom?
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What is the significance of the atomic mass unit (amu)?
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What is the main characteristic of Dalton's Model of the atom?
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What is the main reason for the existence of different phases of matter?
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What happens to particles during condensation?
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What is the characteristic of particles in a solid state?
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What is the purpose of John Dalton's model?
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What happens to the attractive forces between particles as they transition from a solid to a liquid?
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What is the atomic number of an atom?
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What is the main limitation of J.J. Thomson's plum pudding model?
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What is the characteristic of particles in a gas state?
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What was the unexpected result observed by Rutherford in the gold foil experiment?
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What is the term for the process of a solid becoming a liquid as it absorbs heat?
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What was the discovery that paved the way for Ernest Rutherford's nuclear model?
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What is the atomic mass number of an atom?
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What is the notation for representing an element?
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What is the primary component of an atom's mass?
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What is the main feature of Niels Bohr's model?
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What is the result of the addition or removal of heat to a substance?
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What is the relative atomic mass of an element?
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What happens to particles during sublimation?
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What is an isotope?
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What is the main factor that affects the movement of particles in a substance?
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What is the process called when a gas transitions directly into a solid?
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What is the charge of an electron?
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What is the characteristic of particles in a liquid state?
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What is the characteristic of isotopes that is identical?
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What did Ernest Rutherford's gold foil experiment suggest?
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What is the result of the attractive forces between particles in a solid?
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What determines the atomic number of an element?
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What is the difference between isotopes?
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What is the main principle of Hund's rule?
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What is the term for a positively charged ion?
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What is the purpose of spectroscopic notation?
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What is the arrangement of particles in a solid lattice?
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What is the role of neutrons in the nucleus?
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What is the main contribution of Democritus and Leucippus to the concept of atoms?
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What is the shape of p orbitals?
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What is the state of matter characterized by particles having a fixed, orderly structure?
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What is the analogy used to illustrate the size of the nucleus compared to the atom?
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What is the term for a negatively charged ion?
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What are the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom called?
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What is the formula for calculating the average atomic mass of an element with multiple isotopes?
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What is the term for the weighted average of the masses of the isotopes of an element?
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What is the reason for the different physical properties of isotopes?
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What is the principle that states atoms tend to form bonds until they have eight electrons in their outermost shell?
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What is the primary component of an atom's volume?
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What is the term for the number of protons in an atom's nucleus?
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Who is credited with creating the first widely recognized periodic table?
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What is the term for the energy required to remove one electron from an atom in the gas phase?
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What are the vertical columns in the periodic table called?
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What is the term for the tendency of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond?
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What is the purpose of the periodic table?
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What is the trend in atomic radius across a period from left to right?
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What is the general electron configuration of elements in Group 1?
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Which group of elements is known for being very reactive and forming salts when combined with metals?
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What is the trend in ionisation energy across a period from left to right?
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What is the characteristic of elements in Group 13?
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What is the electron configuration of phosphorus (P)?
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What is the general form of electron configuration for Group 18 elements?
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What is the general trend in electronegativity across a period from left to right?
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What is the trend of atomic radius in Group 1 elements?
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Which group of elements is known for being inert due to their full valence shells?
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What is the reactivity trend in Group 1 elements?
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What is the trend in melting and boiling points across a period?
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What is the valence electron count for a chlorine atom?
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What is the general electron configuration of elements in Group 2?
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How are valence electrons represented in Lewis notation?
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What is the electron configuration of Helium?
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What is the trend of ionisation energy in Group 1 elements?
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What is the general form of electron configuration for Group 1 elements?
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What is the physical property that typically increases down Group 1 elements?
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What is the trend of electronegativity in Group 1 elements?
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What is the average atomic mass of chlorine?
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Why is understanding isotopes crucial in medicine?
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How do electrons in the same orbital interact with each other?
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What is the arrangement of electrons in an atom's energy levels and orbitals?
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What is the purpose of Aufbau diagrams?
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How many electrons can occupy a single orbital?
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Why do electrons occupy the lowest energy orbitals first?
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What is the significance of the energy level of an electron?
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How do electrons in the first energy level differ from those in higher energy levels?
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What determines the reactivity of an element?
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What type of bond is formed when two electrons are shared between two atoms?
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What is the symbol for oxygen in a water molecule?
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What is the type of bond formed when six electrons are shared between two atoms?
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What is the number of electrons involved in a double covalent bond?
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What is the nature of the covalent bond?
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What is the type of bond formed between the carbon and nitrogen atoms in a hydrogen cyanide molecule?
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What is the representation of a single covalent bond in Lewis notation?
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What is the type of bond formed between the oxygen atoms in a carbon dioxide molecule?
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What is the definition of covalent bonding?
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What is the number of electron pairs shared between the carbon and oxygen atoms in a carbon dioxide molecule?
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What is the valency of an element in group 1 of the periodic table?
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What type of bond is formed in a nitrogen molecule (N₂)?
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What is the characteristic of covalent compounds in terms of flexibility?
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What is the valency of an element in group 17 of the periodic table?
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What is the characteristic of covalent compounds in terms of solubility?
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What is the definition of valency?
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What is the type of bond formed in a hydrogen chloride (HCl) molecule?
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What is the characteristic of covalent compounds in terms of melting and boiling points?
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What is the valency of an element in group 2 of the periodic table?
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What is the type of bond formed in a water (H₂O) molecule?
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What is the primary difference between the states of matter?
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What occurs when a liquid becomes a solid?
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What is the term for the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?
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What is the random, erratic movement of particles suspended in a fluid?
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What is the change of state when a solid becomes a liquid?
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According to the kinetic molecular theory, what is the arrangement of particles in a liquid?
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What is the change of state when a liquid becomes a gas?
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What is the term for the process where a gas becomes a solid without passing through the liquid state?
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What happens to the attractive forces between particles as they transition from a gas to a liquid?
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What was the main limitation of Dalton's model of the atom?
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What is the primary component of an atom's mass?
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What is the result of the addition or removal of heat to a substance?
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What is the main feature of Niels Bohr's model of the atom?
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What is the characteristic of particles in a solid state?
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What is the term for the process of a gas becoming a liquid as it releases heat?
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What was the discovery that paved the way for Ernest Rutherford's nuclear model?
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What is the main contribution of J.J. Thomson's plum pudding model?
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What is the result of the attractive forces between particles in a solid?
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Which scientist developed the quantum mechanical model of the atom?
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What is the approximate mass of a hydrogen atom in kilograms?
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What is the purpose of atomic models in science?
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What is the main contribution of James Chadwick?
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What is the unit of measurement used to simplify the masses of atoms?
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What is the main characteristic of the Quantum Mechanical Model?
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What is the significance of Rutherford's Alpha-Particle Scattering Experiment?
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What is the main limitation of directly measuring the mass of a single atom?
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What is the main characteristic of Dalton's Model of the atom?
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What is the significance of the atomic mass unit (amu)?
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What is the primary reason for the existence of different phases of matter?
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In a solid, what is the arrangement of particles?
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What happens to particles during the melting process?
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What is the characteristic of particles in a gas state?
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What is the result of the attractive forces between particles in a solid?
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What is the purpose of the kinetic molecular theory?
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What happens to particles during the freezing process?
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What is the relationship between the energy level of particles and the temperature of the matter?
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What is the characteristic of particles in a liquid state?
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What is the main factor that affects the movement of particles in a substance?
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What determines the identity of an element?
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What is the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus?
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What are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons called?
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What is the term for a negatively charged ion?
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What did Rutherford's alpha-particle scattering experiment suggest about the structure of the atom?
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What is the purpose of the notation (^{12}_{6}C)?
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What is the primary component of an atom's mass?
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What is the result of the difference in the number of neutrons in isotopes?
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What is the significance of the atomic mass unit (amu)?
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What is the significance of the relative atomic mass of an element?
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What is the term for the process of calculating the average atomic mass of an element?
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What is the role of electrons in chemical reactions and bonding?
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What is the characteristic of isotopes that is identical?
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What is the characteristic of isotopes that is identical?
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What is the term for the weighted average of the masses of the isotopes of an element?
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Why do isotopes of an element have the same chemical properties?
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What determines the chemical properties of an element?
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What is the location of the protons and neutrons in an atom?
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What is the charge of an electron?
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What is the significance of the atomic number of an element?
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Which period number of the periodic table indicates that the highest energy level being filled with electrons is the third energy level?
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What is the general trend in atomic radius across a period from left to right?
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Which group of elements is characterized by having a full valence shell, making them inert?
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What is the general electron configuration of the alkali metals?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of the transition metals?
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What is the general trend in ionization energy across a period from left to right?
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Which group of elements is characterized by being highly reactive, especially with water?
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What is the general electron configuration of the alkaline earth metals?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of the pnictogens?
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What is the general trend in electronegativity across a period from left to right?
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What is the average atomic mass of chlorine?
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Which field does not utilize isotopes?
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What determines the energy level of an electron in an atom?
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What is the correct electron configuration for fluorine (F)?
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What is the primary reason why electrons occupy orbitals singly according to Hund's rule?
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What is the purpose of Aufbau diagrams?
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What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy an orbital?
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What is the general form of the electron configuration of the noble gases?
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What is the shape of p orbitals?
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What is the correct sequence of filling orbitals in an Aufbau diagram?
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What is the trend of atomic radius down the group in the periodic table?
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What is the term for the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom?
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What is the reactivity of the alkali metals as you move down the group?
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What is the purpose of the periodic table?
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What is the significance of the energy level of an electron in an atom?
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What is the role of the nucleus in an atom?
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What is the electron configuration of Helium?
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What is the term for the energy required to remove one electron from an atom in the gas phase?
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What is the term for the tendency of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond?
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What is the correct notation for representing the electron configuration of an atom?
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What is the trend of ionisation energy down the group in the periodic table?
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What is the organization of the periodic table into vertical columns called?
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How do the valence electrons of an atom determine its Lewis structure?
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What is the term for the measure of the size of an atom?
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What is the purpose of Lewis notation in representing valence electrons?
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What is the principle that states that atoms tend to form bonds until they have eight electrons in their outermost shell?
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What is the characteristic of the alkali metals in their electron structure?
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What is the trend of melting and boiling points down the group in the periodic table for metals?
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What is the significance of understanding electron configuration?
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What is the trend of density down the group in the periodic table?
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What is the type of bond formed when two electrons are shared between two atoms?
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What is the type of bond formed when four electrons are shared between two atoms?
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What is the type of bond formed when six electrons are shared between two atoms?
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What is the type of bond formed in a molecule of hydrogen chloride (HCl)?
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What is the type of bond formed in a molecule of carbon dioxide (CO₂)?
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What is the result of the sharing of electrons between atoms in a covalent bond?
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What is the purpose of Lewis notation in representing covalent bonds?
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What is the characteristic of covalent bonds?
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What is the type of bond formed in a molecule of hydrogen cyanide (HCN)?
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What is the result of covalent bonding between atoms?
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What is the valency of an element in group 1 of the periodic table?
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How many electrons are shared in a triple bond?
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What is the characteristic of covalent compounds that allows them to be flexible?
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What is the valency of oxygen in a water molecule (H₂O)?
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What is the characteristic of nitrogen molecules (N₂)?
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Why are covalent compounds generally not very soluble in water?
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What is the valency of carbon in a carbon dioxide molecule (CO₂)?
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What is the characteristic of covalent bonds in a hydrogen chloride molecule (HCl)?
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What is the relationship between the valency of an element and its position on the periodic table?
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What is the characteristic of iodine molecules (I₂)?
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What is the main reason why particles in a gas are able to move freely?
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Which process involves the transition of a solid directly into a gas without passing through the liquid state?
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What is the result of the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?
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What is the term for the process where a gas becomes a liquid?
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According to the kinetic molecular theory, what is the arrangement of particles in a liquid?
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What is the term for the random, erratic movement of particles suspended in a fluid?
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What is the result of the addition or removal of heat to a substance?
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What is the term for the process where a liquid becomes a solid?
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What is the main reason for the existence of different phases of matter according to the kinetic molecular theory?
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What happens to the particles in a solid as it absorbs heat and transitions into a liquid?
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What is the characteristic of the arrangement of particles in a solid according to the kinetic molecular theory?
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What is the result of the attractive forces between particles in a liquid?
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What is the characteristic of the movement of particles in a gas?
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What is the process called when a solid becomes a liquid as it absorbs heat?
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What is the result of the addition or removal of heat to a substance according to the kinetic molecular theory?
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What is the main factor that affects the movement of particles in a substance according to the kinetic molecular theory?
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What is the characteristic of the attractive forces between particles in a solid according to the kinetic molecular theory?
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What is the result of the transition of a liquid to a gas as it absorbs heat?
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What is the primary component of an atom's mass?
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What is the purpose of understanding atomic mass and diameter?
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What determines the chemical properties of an element?
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What is the significance of Rutherford's alpha-particle scattering experiment?
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What is the charge of an electron?
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What is the relative atomic mass of an element?
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What is the significance of neutrons in an atom's nucleus?
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What is the analogy used to illustrate the size of the nucleus compared to the atom's overall size?
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What is the main characteristic of protons and neutrons?
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What is the purpose of atomic models in science?
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What is the difference between the process of evaporation and boiling?
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Which of the following models of the atom recognized the existence of electrons but did not explain their arrangement?
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What is the atomic number of an element?
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What is the result of particles losing energy during condensation?
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What is the main characteristic of Rutherford's Nuclear Model?
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What is the atomic mass number?
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What is the definition of an isotope?
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What is the result of particles gaining energy during sublimation?
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Which of the following models of the atom explained the quantized nature of atomic spectra?
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What is the characteristic of isotopes that is identical?
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What is the primary reason for the development of the atomic mass unit (amu)?
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What is the result of the attractive forces between particles during the transition from a solid to a liquid?
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What is the main characteristic of the Quantum Mechanical Model of the atom?
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What is the purpose of the notation for representing an element?
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What is the difference between isotopes?
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Which of the following scientists proposed that all matter is composed of small, indivisible particles called atoms?
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What is the significance of James Chadwick's discovery of the neutron?
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What is the result of particles gaining energy during evaporation?
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What determines the atomic number of an element?
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What is the main limitation of directly measuring the mass of a single atom?
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What is the purpose of atomic models in science?
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What is the main characteristic of Dalton's Model of the atom?
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What is the result of the attractive forces between particles in a solid?
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What is the term for a positively charged ion?
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What is the main feature of Rutherford's Nuclear Model of the atom?
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What is the characteristic of isotopes that may vary?
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What is the main difference between the Bohr's Model and the Quantum Mechanical Model of the atom?
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What is the significance of the atomic mass unit (amu)?
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What is the main characteristic of Dalton's Model of the atom?
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What is the result of Rutherford's Alpha-Particle Scattering Experiment?
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What is the main principle of Hund's rule?
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What is the purpose of spectroscopic notation?
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What is the shape of s orbitals?
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What determines the chemical properties of an element?
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What is the significance of the octet rule?
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What is the arrangement of the elements in the periodic table?
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What is the term for the energy required to remove one electron from an atom in the gas phase?
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What is the purpose of the periodic table?
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What is the characteristic of noble gases?
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What is the term for the tendency of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond?
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What is the primary reason for the importance of isotopes in environmental science?
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What is the order of filling energy levels in an electron configuration?
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What is the significance of the Aufbau diagram?
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What is the energy level that contains only one s orbital?
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What is the electron configuration of the element Fluorine (F)?
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What is the attractive force between the nucleus and electrons in an atom?
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What is the characteristic of electrons in the same orbital?
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What is the reason for the existence of different energy levels in an atom?
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What is the process of determining the electron configuration of an atom?
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What is the significance of the atomic mass of chlorine?
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What is the general electron configuration for the noble gases?
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What is the trend of atomic radius in Groups?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of the noble gases?
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What is the trend of ionization energy in Groups?
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What is the electron configuration of the alkali metals?
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What is the trend of reactivity in Group 1 (alkali metals)?
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What is the purpose of Lewis structures?
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Which group of elements is characterized by being highly reactive, especially with water?
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What is the electron configuration of chlorine?
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What is the general electron configuration of the elements in group 2?
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What is the trend of density in Groups?
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Which group of elements is characterized by being very reactive non-metals?
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What is the representation of a hydrogen atom in Lewis notation?
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What is the general trend of atomic radius across a period?
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Which element has the electron configuration [Ne]3s²3p³?
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What is the general trend of ionization energy across a period?
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Which group of elements is characterized by having full valence shells?
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What is the general electron configuration of the elements in group 15?
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What is the general trend of melting and boiling points across a period?
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Which element is an example of a transition metal?
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What is the type of bond formed when two electrons are shared between two atoms?
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What is the characteristic of ionic compounds that is responsible for their crystallinity?
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What is the primary function of the valency of an ion?
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What is the criss-cross method used for in chemistry?
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What is the unit of measurement used to express the formula mass of a compound?
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What is the characteristic of noble gases?
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What is the type of bond involved in the formation of metallic compounds?
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What is the characteristic of covalent molecular structures?
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What is the type of structure that exists as a giant repeating lattice?
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What is the main difference between molecular compounds and ionic compounds?
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What is the term for the process of determining the formula mass of a compound?
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What is the importance of the atomic mass unit (amu) in chemistry?
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What is the primary purpose of a molecular formula?
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What is the main difference between the empirical formula and the molecular formula?
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What is the purpose of wireframe or stick models in representing molecular structures?
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What is the significance of the Law of Constant Composition?
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What is the purpose of the Law of Combining Volumes in chemical reactions?
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What is the significance of the example of water (H₂O) in the context of the Law of Constant Composition?
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What is the main difference between the ball and stick model and the space-filling model?
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What is the significance of the structural formula of 2-methyl propane?
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What is the purpose of diagrams in representing molecular structures?
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What is the significance of the example of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in the context of the Law of Constant Composition?
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What is the purpose of the Greek delta (∆) in a chemical equation?
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What is the correct order of steps to balance a chemical equation?
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What is the characteristic of a series circuit?
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What is the formula for the total voltage across a series combination of resistors?
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What is the effect of adding resistors in series on the total resistance of the circuit?
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What is the formula for the current in a series circuit?
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What is the purpose of voltage division in a series circuit?
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What is the characteristic of a series resistor circuit?
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What is the effect of adding identical resistors in series on the total resistance?
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What is the relationship between the voltage and current in a series circuit?
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What is the total resistance (R_S) of a circuit with three identical resistors connected in series?
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What is the current (I) flowing through a circuit with three identical resistors connected in series, if the battery provides a voltage of V?
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What is the voltage drop across each resistor in a circuit with three identical resistors connected in series, if the battery provides a voltage of V?
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What is the characteristic of a parallel circuit?
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What is the formula for calculating the total resistance (R_P) of a parallel circuit?
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What happens to the total current supplied by the battery when more resistors are added in parallel to a circuit?
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What is the voltage across each resistor in a parallel circuit?
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What is the effect of adding more resistors in parallel to a circuit?
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What is the significance of the Law of Constant Composition in chemistry?
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What is the primary purpose of balancing a chemical equation?
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What is the fundamental principle stated in the Law of Conservation of Mass?
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What is the purpose of adding coefficients to molecules in a chemical equation?
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What is the significance of Gay-Lussac's Law of Combining Volumes in chemistry?
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What is the primary purpose of state symbols in a chemical equation?
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What is the role of the law of conservation of mass in balancing a chemical equation?
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What is the purpose of the steps to balance a chemical equation through inspection?
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What is the significance of the Law of Combining Volumes in the synthesis of ammonia?
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What is the primary purpose of understanding the law of conservation of mass in chemistry?
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What indicates how many electrons an ion can gain, lose, or share to achieve a full outer shell?
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Which type of bond is responsible for the formation of molecular compounds?
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What is the unit of measurement used to simplify the masses of atoms?
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Which type of compound consists of two or more different atoms bonded together by strong forces?
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What is the purpose of the Criss-cross method?
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What is the term for the sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a compound's formula?
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What is the reason for the high melting and boiling points of ionic compounds?
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What is unique about metallic bonding?
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Which type of structure consists of relatively small molecules that exist and interact as separate entities?
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What is the main characteristic of noble gases?
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Why do metals conduct electricity?
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What is the term for the building blocks of matter?
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What is the term for the electrostatic attraction between positively charged atomic nuclei and delocalized electrons in a metal?
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What determines the properties of a material?
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What is the result of the strong electrostatic attraction between positive nuclei and delocalized electrons in a metal?
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What is the primary driving force behind ionic bonding?
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What is the characteristic of metals that enables them to be shaped into thin sheets or wires?
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What is the characteristic arrangement of ions in ionic compounds?
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What is the term for the regular, repeating pattern of positive ions in a metal?
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What is the role of the 'sea of electrons' in metallic bonding?
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What is the result of the transfer of electrons in ionic bonding?
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What is the advantage of building a physical model to illustrate metallic bonding?
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What is the term for the type of chemical bond where one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another?
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What is the characteristic of ionic compounds at room temperature?
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What is the characteristic of metals that allows them to conduct heat effectively?
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What is the arrangement of ions in a crystal lattice of sodium chloride (NaCl)?
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What is the purpose of the crystal lattice structure in ionic compounds?
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What is the characteristic of the electrostatic forces between ions in an ionic bond?
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What type of formula represents the relative number of each type of atom in a compound?
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What is the purpose of diagrams in representing molecular structures?
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What is the Law of Constant Composition?
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What is the term for the volume relationship between reacting gases and their gaseous products?
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What type of model shows the arrangement of atoms within a molecule?
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What is the significance of the Law of Constant Composition?
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What is the difference between a molecular formula and an empirical formula?
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What is the advantage of using diagrams to represent molecular structures?
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What is the purpose of the Law of Combining Volumes?
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What is the advantage of using the Law of Constant Composition?
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What is the significance of the Law of Constant Composition?
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What is the purpose of balancing a chemical equation?
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What is the lattice structure of a metal where atoms are packed closely together in a hexagonal arrangement?
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What is the definition of the Law of Conservation of Mass?
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Which of the following anions has the formula ( ext{CH}_3 ext{COO}^- )?
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What is the charge of the ammonium ion?
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What is the purpose of the state symbols in a chemical equation?
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What is the purpose of writing chemical formulae?
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What is the correct sequence of steps to balance a chemical equation?
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What is the significance of Gay-Lussac's Law of Combining Volumes?
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What is the result of balancing the charges when writing a chemical formula?
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What is the result of balancing a chemical equation?
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What is the oxidation state of sodium (Na)?
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What is the importance of understanding the Law of Constant Composition in chemistry?
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What is the purpose of identifying the cation and anion when writing a chemical formula?
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What is the importance of balancing charges when writing a chemical formula?
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What is the purpose of the coefficients in a balanced chemical equation?
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What is the formula for magnesium chloride, which combines one magnesium ion and two chloride ions?
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What is the significance of the Law of Conservation of Mass in balancing a chemical equation?
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What is the process of combining the ions in a ratio that balances the overall charge when writing a chemical formula?
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What is the total resistance of a circuit with three identical resistors connected in series?
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What is the characteristic of parallel circuits that allows the total current to split across different paths?
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What is the formula for calculating the total resistance in a parallel circuit?
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What is the voltage across each resistor in a parallel circuit?
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What is the effect of adding more resistors in parallel to a circuit?
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What is the formula for calculating the current through each resistor in a parallel circuit?
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What is the total current in a parallel circuit?
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What is the symbol used to indicate that heat is required for a reaction?
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What happens to the total resistance when more resistors are added in parallel to a circuit?
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What is the purpose of balancing a chemical equation?
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What happens to the total resistance of a circuit when resistors are added in series?
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What is the characteristic of a series circuit?
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What is the relationship between the voltage, current, and resistance in a series circuit?
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What is the purpose of voltage division in a series circuit?
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What happens to the current in a series circuit when the total resistance increases?
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What is the total voltage across a series combination of resistors?
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What is the characteristic of resistors in series?
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What is the equation for the total resistance of resistors in series?
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