Chemistry Quiz Review Flashcards

Solutions and Mixtures

• A solvent is the substance that dissolves a solute in a solution.
• A solute is the substance that is dissolved in a solution, forming a homogeneous mixture.
• A mixture consists of two or more substances physically combined but not chemically bonded, including heterogeneous and homogeneous types.

States of Matter

• Solid: Matter with a definite shape and volume.
• Liquid: Matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape.
• Gas: Matter with neither a definite shape nor volume.
• Phase refers to the state in which matter exists: solid, liquid, gas, or plasma.

Changes in Matter

• Physical change involves a change in phase or appearance without altering the substance's identity, often due to energy changes.
• Chemical change transforms a substance into a new one, altering its chemical structure.
• Evaporation is the surface vaporization of a liquid, while condensation is the process of a gas turning into a liquid.
• Sublimation occurs when a solid changes directly into a gas without becoming a liquid first.
• Phase transitions are indicated by specific temperatures:
  • Melting point: solid to liquid.
  • Freezing point: liquid to solid.
  • Boiling point: liquid to gas.

Properties of Matter

• Physical properties can be observed without changing a substance's identity, assisting in distinguishing different types of matter.
• Chemical properties describe how a substance behaves in reactions and how it forms new substances.
• Density measures mass per unit volume, indicating how compact a substance is.

Acid-Base Chemistry

• Acids are compounds that typically contain loosely bonded hydrogen ions and can donate protons in reactions.
• Bases contain oxygen and hydrogen, often accepting protons in reactions.
• pH is a scale used to quantify acidity or basicity, determining how strong or weak an acid or base is.
• An indicator is a substance that changes color in response to acids or bases, helping to visually determine pH levels.

Fundamental Concepts

• Element: The simplest form of pure substance consisting of only one type of atom.
• Compound: A substance formed when two or more different kinds of atoms chemically combine.
• Weight measures the gravitational force on an object, while mass denotes the amount of matter in that object.
• Volume is defined as the space an object occupies.

Unique Mixture Definitions

• Heterogeneous mixtures have visibly different substances or phases, while homogeneous mixtures have a consistent composition throughout.

Test your knowledge of essential chemistry concepts with these flashcards. This quiz covers key terms such as solvent, physical change, and states of matter including solids and gases. Perfect for anyone looking to review their chemistry vocabulary!