Chemistry Quiz Review Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the definition of a solvent?

Substance that is dissolved in a solution

Matter with no definite shape but with a definite volume

Substance that does the dissolving in a solution (correct)

Substance made up of molecules that contain more than one kind of atom

What is a physical change?

When substances change phases of matter by adding or taking away energy

What is a solid?

Phase in which matter has a definite shape and volume

What is a gas?

Phase in which matter has no definite shape or volume Signup and view all the answers

What is a chemical change?

Process by which a substance becomes a new and different substance Signup and view all the answers

What is a mixture?

Matter that consists of two or more substances mixed but not chemically combined Signup and view all the answers

What is a solute?

Substance that is dissolved in a solution Signup and view all the answers

What is a compound?

Substance made up of molecules that contain more than one kind of atom; two or more elements chemically combined Signup and view all the answers

What is an acid?

Compound that contains hydrogen (loosely bonded) Signup and view all the answers

What does pH measure?

How strong or weak an acid or base is Signup and view all the answers

What is volume?

Amount of space an object takes up Signup and view all the answers

What is the boiling point?

Temperature at which a substance changes from the liquid phase to the gas phase Signup and view all the answers

What is mass?

Amount of matter in an object Signup and view all the answers

What is density?

Measurement of how much mass is contained in a given volume of an object; mass per unit volume Signup and view all the answers

What is evaporation?

Vaporization that takes place at the surface of a liquid Signup and view all the answers

What is condensation?

Change of a gas to a liquid Signup and view all the answers

What is heterogeneous?

Substance that does not appear to be the same throughout Signup and view all the answers

What is a physical property?

Characteristic that distinguishes one type of matter from another and can be observed without changing the identity of the substance Signup and view all the answers

What is a phase?

State in which matter can exist: solid, liquid, gas, or plasma Signup and view all the answers

What is a liquid?

Matter with no definite shape but with a definite volume Signup and view all the answers

What is a chemical property?

Property that describes how a substance changes into a new substance Signup and view all the answers

What is a chemical reaction?

Process by which the physical and chemical properties of the original substance change as a new substance is formed Signup and view all the answers

What is a solution?

Homogeneous mixture in which one substance is dissolved in another Signup and view all the answers

What is an element?

Simplest pure substance Signup and view all the answers

What is a base?

Compound that contains oxygen and hydrogen Signup and view all the answers

What is an indicator?

Substance that changes color when added to an acid or a base Signup and view all the answers

What is the melting point?

Temperature at which a substance changes from the solid phase to the liquid phase Signup and view all the answers

What is the freezing point?

Temperature at which a substance changes from the liquid phase to the solid phase Signup and view all the answers

What is weight?

Measure of the force of attraction Signup and view all the answers

What is vaporization?

Change of a liquid to a gas Signup and view all the answers

What is sublimation?

Change from the solid phase directly into the gas phase Signup and view all the answers

What is homogeneous?

Mixture that appears to be the same throughout Signup and view all the answers

What is salt?

Compound made by combining an acid and a base Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Solutions and Mixtures

A solvent is the substance that dissolves a solute in a solution.
A solute is the substance that is dissolved in a solution, forming a homogeneous mixture.
A mixture consists of two or more substances physically combined but not chemically bonded, including heterogeneous and homogeneous types.

States of Matter

Solid: Matter with a definite shape and volume.
Liquid: Matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape.
Gas: Matter with neither a definite shape nor volume.
Phase refers to the state in which matter exists: solid, liquid, gas, or plasma.

Changes in Matter

Physical change involves a change in phase or appearance without altering the substance's identity, often due to energy changes.
Chemical change transforms a substance into a new one, altering its chemical structure.
Evaporation is the surface vaporization of a liquid, while condensation is the process of a gas turning into a liquid.
Sublimation occurs when a solid changes directly into a gas without becoming a liquid first.
Phase transitions are indicated by specific temperatures:
- Melting point: solid to liquid.
- Freezing point: liquid to solid.
- Boiling point: liquid to gas.

Properties of Matter

Physical properties can be observed without changing a substance's identity, assisting in distinguishing different types of matter.
Chemical properties describe how a substance behaves in reactions and how it forms new substances.
Density measures mass per unit volume, indicating how compact a substance is.

Acid-Base Chemistry

Acids are compounds that typically contain loosely bonded hydrogen ions and can donate protons in reactions.
Bases contain oxygen and hydrogen, often accepting protons in reactions.
pH is a scale used to quantify acidity or basicity, determining how strong or weak an acid or base is.
An indicator is a substance that changes color in response to acids or bases, helping to visually determine pH levels.

Fundamental Concepts

Element: The simplest form of pure substance consisting of only one type of atom.
Compound: A substance formed when two or more different kinds of atoms chemically combine.
Weight measures the gravitational force on an object, while mass denotes the amount of matter in that object.
Volume is defined as the space an object occupies.

Unique Mixture Definitions

Heterogeneous mixtures have visibly different substances or phases, while homogeneous mixtures have a consistent composition throughout.

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Description

Test your knowledge of essential chemistry concepts with these flashcards. This quiz covers key terms such as solvent, physical change, and states of matter including solids and gases. Perfect for anyone looking to review their chemistry vocabulary!