Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following types of compounds are generally soluble in water?
Which of the following types of compounds are generally soluble in water?
- Covalent compounds
- Metallic compounds
- Organic compounds
- Ionic compounds (correct)
Which of the following salts is considered insoluble in water?
Which of the following salts is considered insoluble in water?
- Potassium sulfate
- Sodium carbonate
- Ammonium chloride
- Lead(II) chloride (correct)
What is the solubility status of nitrates in water?
What is the solubility status of nitrates in water?
- All are soluble (correct)
- Only some are soluble
- All are insoluble
- Sparingly soluble
Which of the following hydroxides is considered sparingly soluble?
Which of the following hydroxides is considered sparingly soluble?
Which carbonate is soluble in water?
Which carbonate is soluble in water?
Which of the following statements regarding chlorides is true?
Which of the following statements regarding chlorides is true?
What is another common name for calcium hydroxide solution?
What is another common name for calcium hydroxide solution?
Which of the following bases is considered to be mostly insoluble?
Which of the following bases is considered to be mostly insoluble?
What is the purpose of adding an insoluble base in excess when preparing a soluble salt?
What is the purpose of adding an insoluble base in excess when preparing a soluble salt?
What happens if unreacted acid remains in the solution during the crystallization process?
What happens if unreacted acid remains in the solution during the crystallization process?
What method is used to remove the excess solid base after the reaction?
What method is used to remove the excess solid base after the reaction?
What effect does slow evaporation of the solution have on the crystals formed?
What effect does slow evaporation of the solution have on the crystals formed?
What is produced as a result of an acid reacting with a metal carbonate?
What is produced as a result of an acid reacting with a metal carbonate?
Which of the following acids can react with a metal to form soluble salts?
Which of the following acids can react with a metal to form soluble salts?
Which of the following statements is true about bases and alkalis?
Which of the following statements is true about bases and alkalis?
What state of the copper(II) sulfate is present after the initial reaction with copper(II) oxide and dilute sulfuric acid?
What state of the copper(II) sulfate is present after the initial reaction with copper(II) oxide and dilute sulfuric acid?
What gas is produced when a carbonate is used as the solid base during salt preparation?
What gas is produced when a carbonate is used as the solid base during salt preparation?
Which of the following substances is classified as an alkali?
Which of the following substances is classified as an alkali?
During evaporation, when should heating be stopped to prevent crystal formation?
During evaporation, when should heating be stopped to prevent crystal formation?
What effect does a base have on red litmus paper?
What effect does a base have on red litmus paper?
What ions are produced when ammonia dissolves in water?
What ions are produced when ammonia dissolves in water?
Which of the following indicates that a substance is a metal carbonate during an acid-base reaction?
Which of the following indicates that a substance is a metal carbonate during an acid-base reaction?
Which alkali is also known as ammonium hydroxide?
Which alkali is also known as ammonium hydroxide?
What result would not occur when a base reacts with an acid?
What result would not occur when a base reacts with an acid?
What is the primary function of acids in a chemical reaction?
What is the primary function of acids in a chemical reaction?
When a metal reacts with hydrochloric acid, what gas is produced?
When a metal reacts with hydrochloric acid, what gas is produced?
What is produced when hydrochloric acid reacts with a metal oxide?
What is produced when hydrochloric acid reacts with a metal oxide?
Which of the following statements about bases is correct?
Which of the following statements about bases is correct?
Which of the following acids produces sulfate salts?
Which of the following acids produces sulfate salts?
According to the reactivity series, which metal is likely to react vigorously with dilute acids?
According to the reactivity series, which metal is likely to react vigorously with dilute acids?
The general reaction between a metal carbonate and an acid does NOT produce which of the following?
The general reaction between a metal carbonate and an acid does NOT produce which of the following?
What type of gas is evolved during the reaction of acids with metal carbonates?
What type of gas is evolved during the reaction of acids with metal carbonates?
What are the products of an acid-base neutralization reaction?
What are the products of an acid-base neutralization reaction?
Which equation correctly represents the reaction of copper oxide with hydrochloric acid?
Which equation correctly represents the reaction of copper oxide with hydrochloric acid?
What is produced when zinc reacts with sulfuric acid?
What is produced when zinc reacts with sulfuric acid?
Which equation correctly summarizes the reaction of a metal with hydrochloric acid?
Which equation correctly summarizes the reaction of a metal with hydrochloric acid?
Which of the following products is formed when sulfuric acid reacts with a metal carbonate?
Which of the following products is formed when sulfuric acid reacts with a metal carbonate?
Which ion do acids produce in an aqueous solution that contributes to acidity?
Which ion do acids produce in an aqueous solution that contributes to acidity?
What type of salt is formed when nitric acid reacts with potassium hydroxide?
What type of salt is formed when nitric acid reacts with potassium hydroxide?
What distinguishes the reaction of acids with metal carbonates from those with metal hydroxides?
What distinguishes the reaction of acids with metal carbonates from those with metal hydroxides?
Which of the following metals is NOT likely to react with dilute acids?
Which of the following metals is NOT likely to react with dilute acids?
What is the characteristic reaction observed when an acid reacts with a metal?
What is the characteristic reaction observed when an acid reacts with a metal?
Study Notes
Solubility Rules
- The solubility of ionic compounds helps determine the best method for preparing salts.
- Most ionic compounds are soluble in water, but there are exceptions.
- Most chlorides are soluble, except for silver and lead(II) chlorides.
- Most sulfates are soluble, except for barium, calcium, and lead(II) sulfates.
- Most carbonates are insoluble, except for sodium, potassium, and ammonium carbonates.
- Most hydroxides are insoluble, except for sodium, potassium, and ammonium hydroxides.
- Calcium hydroxide is only slightly soluble in water.
Acids, Bases & Protons
- Acids donate protons (H+ ions) when they ionize in solution, making the solution acidic.
- Bases (alkalis) accept protons, forming OH- ions, making the solution alkaline.
- Proton transfer is the basis for the modern definition of acids and bases.
Reactions of Acids
- Metals higher on the reactivity series react with dilute acids to produce a salt and hydrogen gas.
- The higher the metal's reactivity, the more vigorous the reaction.
- Acids react with bases (metal oxides, hydroxides, and carbonates) in neutralization reactions, producing a salt and water.
- Effervescence (bubbling) indicates the base was a carbonate, releasing carbon dioxide gas.
Bases
- Bases neutralize acids, forming a salt and water.
- Alkalis are water-soluble bases.
- Ammonia solution (NH3 in water) is a base due to the formation of hydroxide ions (OH-).
- Ammonia gas dissolves in water to form ammonium hydroxide.
Prepare a Soluble Salt
- To prepare a soluble salt, react an acid with an insoluble base in excess.
- The excess base is filtered to remove unreacted base, leaving a solution of salt and water.
- Slowly evaporate the water to crystallize the salt.
- The method can also be used to prepare salts using a metal if it is above hydrogen in the reactivity series.
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Description
This quiz delves into the solubility rules of ionic compounds and the behavior of acids and bases. It covers various exceptions to solubility and fundamental concepts of acid-base chemistry, including proton transfer. Test your knowledge on how these concepts apply to chemical reactions!
