Chemistry Solubility Rules and Acid Reactions

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following types of compounds are generally soluble in water?

Covalent compounds

Metallic compounds

Organic compounds

Ionic compounds (correct)

Which of the following salts is considered insoluble in water?

Potassium sulfate

Sodium carbonate

Ammonium chloride

Lead(II) chloride (correct)

What is the solubility status of nitrates in water?

All are soluble (correct)

Only some are soluble

All are insoluble

Sparingly soluble

Which of the following hydroxides is considered sparingly soluble?

Calcium hydroxide Signup and view all the answers

Which carbonate is soluble in water?

Sodium carbonate Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding chlorides is true?

Most chlorides are soluble except for silver and lead(II) Signup and view all the answers

What is another common name for calcium hydroxide solution?

Limewater Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bases is considered to be mostly insoluble?

Calcium hydroxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adding an insoluble base in excess when preparing a soluble salt?

To ensure all acid has reacted Signup and view all the answers

What happens if unreacted acid remains in the solution during the crystallization process?

It could become dangerously concentrated Signup and view all the answers

What method is used to remove the excess solid base after the reaction?

Filtration Signup and view all the answers

What effect does slow evaporation of the solution have on the crystals formed?

It results in larger crystals Signup and view all the answers

What is produced as a result of an acid reacting with a metal carbonate?

Salt and carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following acids can react with a metal to form soluble salts?

Any acid above hydrogen in the reactivity series Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about bases and alkalis?

Bases can neutralize acids. Signup and view all the answers

What state of the copper(II) sulfate is present after the initial reaction with copper(II) oxide and dilute sulfuric acid?

Aqueous solution Signup and view all the answers

What gas is produced when a carbonate is used as the solid base during salt preparation?

Carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is classified as an alkali?

Sodium hydroxide Signup and view all the answers

During evaporation, when should heating be stopped to prevent crystal formation?

When small crystals start to appear Signup and view all the answers

What effect does a base have on red litmus paper?

Turns it blue Signup and view all the answers

What ions are produced when ammonia dissolves in water?

NH4+ and OH- Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following indicates that a substance is a metal carbonate during an acid-base reaction?

Formation of bubbles Signup and view all the answers

Which alkali is also known as ammonium hydroxide?

Aqueous ammonia Signup and view all the answers

What result would not occur when a base reacts with an acid?

Generation of a precipitate Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of acids in a chemical reaction?

Acids donate protons in solution. Signup and view all the answers

When a metal reacts with hydrochloric acid, what gas is produced?

Hydrogen gas Signup and view all the answers

What is produced when hydrochloric acid reacts with a metal oxide?

Metal chloride and water Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about bases is correct?

Bases accept protons from acids. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following acids produces sulfate salts?

Sulfuric acid Signup and view all the answers

According to the reactivity series, which metal is likely to react vigorously with dilute acids?

Calcium Signup and view all the answers

The general reaction between a metal carbonate and an acid does NOT produce which of the following?

Hydrogen gas Signup and view all the answers

What type of gas is evolved during the reaction of acids with metal carbonates?

Carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What are the products of an acid-base neutralization reaction?

Salt and water Signup and view all the answers

Which equation correctly represents the reaction of copper oxide with hydrochloric acid?

2HCl + CuO ⟶ CuCl2 + H2O Signup and view all the answers

What is produced when zinc reacts with sulfuric acid?

Zinc sulfate and hydrogen gas Signup and view all the answers

Which equation correctly summarizes the reaction of a metal with hydrochloric acid?

M + 2HCl → MCl2 + H2 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following products is formed when sulfuric acid reacts with a metal carbonate?

Metal sulfate and carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

Which ion do acids produce in an aqueous solution that contributes to acidity?

H+ ions Signup and view all the answers

What type of salt is formed when nitric acid reacts with potassium hydroxide?

Potassium nitrate Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the reaction of acids with metal carbonates from those with metal hydroxides?

The presence of effervescence Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following metals is NOT likely to react with dilute acids?

Gold Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic reaction observed when an acid reacts with a metal?

Formation of hydrogen gas and a salt Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Solubility Rules

The solubility of ionic compounds helps determine the best method for preparing salts.
Most ionic compounds are soluble in water, but there are exceptions.
Most chlorides are soluble, except for silver and lead(II) chlorides.
Most sulfates are soluble, except for barium, calcium, and lead(II) sulfates.
Most carbonates are insoluble, except for sodium, potassium, and ammonium carbonates.
Most hydroxides are insoluble, except for sodium, potassium, and ammonium hydroxides.
Calcium hydroxide is only slightly soluble in water.

Acids, Bases & Protons

Acids donate protons (H+ ions) when they ionize in solution, making the solution acidic.
Bases (alkalis) accept protons, forming OH- ions, making the solution alkaline.
Proton transfer is the basis for the modern definition of acids and bases.

Reactions of Acids

Metals higher on the reactivity series react with dilute acids to produce a salt and hydrogen gas.
The higher the metal's reactivity, the more vigorous the reaction.
Acids react with bases (metal oxides, hydroxides, and carbonates) in neutralization reactions, producing a salt and water.
Effervescence (bubbling) indicates the base was a carbonate, releasing carbon dioxide gas.

Bases

Bases neutralize acids, forming a salt and water.
Alkalis are water-soluble bases.
Ammonia solution (NH3 in water) is a base due to the formation of hydroxide ions (OH-).
Ammonia gas dissolves in water to form ammonium hydroxide.

Prepare a Soluble Salt

To prepare a soluble salt, react an acid with an insoluble base in excess.
The excess base is filtered to remove unreacted base, leaving a solution of salt and water.
Slowly evaporate the water to crystallize the salt.
The method can also be used to prepare salts using a metal if it is above hydrogen in the reactivity series.

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Description

This quiz delves into the solubility rules of ionic compounds and the behavior of acids and bases. It covers various exceptions to solubility and fundamental concepts of acid-base chemistry, including proton transfer. Test your knowledge on how these concepts apply to chemical reactions!