Solubility Rules Flashcards

Nitrate and Acetate Solubility

• Nitrate ions (NO3-) are universally soluble in water.
• Acetate ions (C2H3O2-) are also universally soluble.

Halide Solubility

• Chlorides (Cl-) are generally soluble, with exceptions including AgCl, Hg2Cl2, and PbCl2.
• Bromides (Br-) are soluble except for AgBr, Hg2Br2, and PbBr2.
• Iodides (I-) are soluble with exceptions for Ag, Hg, and Pb compounds.

Iodate and Sulfate Solubility

• Iodates (IO3-) are soluble except for specific compounds: Sr(IO3)2, Ca(IO3)2, Ba(IO3)2, Pb(IO3)2, Hg2(IO3)2, and AgIO3.
• Sulfates (SO4-2) are soluble with notable exceptions including CaSO4, SrSO4, BaSO4, PbSO4, and Hg2SO4.

Insoluble Compounds

• Sulfides (S-2) are generally insoluble, with soluble exceptions being those of alkali metals (1A elements), Ba(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ca(OH)2, and ammonium sulfide ((NH4)2S).
• Carbonates (CO3-2) are also mostly insoluble, but those associated with 1A elements and (NH4)2CO3 are exceptions.
• Phosphates (PO4-3) are generally insoluble, with exceptions for those of 1A elements and (NH4)3PO4.
• Hydroxides (OH-) are mostly insoluble, except for those of 1A elements, ammonium (NH4), Ba(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, and Ca(OH)2.

Ammonium and Perchlorate Solubility

• Ammonium ion (NH4+) is always soluble.
• Perchlorate ion (ClO4-) is also always soluble.

General Halide Rule

• Halides (including Cl-, Br-, I-) are soluble generally, with the same exceptions for silver, mercury(II), and lead compounds.