Solubility Rules Flashcards

What is the solubility rule for nitrates (NO3-)?

What is the solubility rule for acetates (C2H3O2-)?

Which chloride (Cl-) exceptions to solubility are correct?

What is the solubility rule for bromides (Br-)?

What is the solubility rule for iodides (I-)?

Which of the following iodates (IO3-) is NOT soluble?

What is the solubility rule for sulfates (SO4-2)?

What is the solubility rule for sulfides (S-2)?

Which carbonates (CO3-2) are soluble?

What is the solubility rule for phosphates (PO4-3)?

What is the solubility rule for hydroxides (OH-)?

Ammonium (NH4+) is always soluble.

Are halides (Cl-, Br-, I-) generally soluble, and what are the exceptions?

Perchlorate (ClO4-) is always soluble.

Nitrate and Acetate Solubility

Nitrate ions (NO3-) are universally soluble in water.
Acetate ions (C2H3O2-) are also universally soluble.

Halide Solubility

Chlorides (Cl-) are generally soluble, with exceptions including AgCl, Hg2Cl2, and PbCl2.
Bromides (Br-) are soluble except for AgBr, Hg2Br2, and PbBr2.
Iodides (I-) are soluble with exceptions for Ag, Hg, and Pb compounds.

Iodate and Sulfate Solubility

Iodates (IO3-) are soluble except for specific compounds: Sr(IO3)2, Ca(IO3)2, Ba(IO3)2, Pb(IO3)2, Hg2(IO3)2, and AgIO3.
Sulfates (SO4-2) are soluble with notable exceptions including CaSO4, SrSO4, BaSO4, PbSO4, and Hg2SO4.

Insoluble Compounds

Sulfides (S-2) are generally insoluble, with soluble exceptions being those of alkali metals (1A elements), Ba(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ca(OH)2, and ammonium sulfide ((NH4)2S).
Carbonates (CO3-2) are also mostly insoluble, but those associated with 1A elements and (NH4)2CO3 are exceptions.
Phosphates (PO4-3) are generally insoluble, with exceptions for those of 1A elements and (NH4)3PO4.
Hydroxides (OH-) are mostly insoluble, except for those of 1A elements, ammonium (NH4), Ba(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, and Ca(OH)2.

Ammonium and Perchlorate Solubility

Ammonium ion (NH4+) is always soluble.
Perchlorate ion (ClO4-) is also always soluble.

General Halide Rule

Halides (including Cl-, Br-, I-) are soluble generally, with the same exceptions for silver, mercury(II), and lead compounds.

Test your knowledge on the solubility rules with these flashcards. Each card presents a different ion along with its solubility characteristics. Perfect for chemistry students looking to reinforce important concepts.