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Questions and Answers
Are all common salts of the nitrate ion (NO3-) soluble in water?
Are all common salts of the nitrate ion (NO3-) soluble in water?
All common salts of the Na+, K+, and NH4+ cations are soluble in water.
All common salts of the Na+, K+, and NH4+ cations are soluble in water.
True
Most common salts of the Cl-, Br-, and I- anions are soluble in water except when the accompanying cation is Ag+, Pb2+, or Hg2^2+.
Most common salts of the Cl-, Br-, and I- anions are soluble in water except when the accompanying cation is Ag+, Pb2+, or Hg2^2+.
True
All common salts of the sulfate ion (SO4^2-) are soluble in water.
All common salts of the sulfate ion (SO4^2-) are soluble in water.
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Salts of the S2- ions are insoluble in water except when the accompanying cation is Na+, K+, NH4+, Ba2+, or Ca2+.
Salts of the S2- ions are insoluble in water except when the accompanying cation is Na+, K+, NH4+, Ba2+, or Ca2+.
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Which cations commonly form complexes with aqueous ammonia?
Which cations commonly form complexes with aqueous ammonia?
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Which of the following ions are considered soluble compounds?
Which of the following ions are considered soluble compounds?
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Which of the following compounds are soluble?
Which of the following compounds are soluble?
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Halides (Cl-, Br-, I-) are generally soluble in water, EXCEPT when the accompanying cation is ______.
Halides (Cl-, Br-, I-) are generally soluble in water, EXCEPT when the accompanying cation is ______.
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Sulfates (SO4^2-) are generally soluble in water, EXCEPT when the accompanying cation is ______.
Sulfates (SO4^2-) are generally soluble in water, EXCEPT when the accompanying cation is ______.
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Which compounds are generally insoluble?
Which compounds are generally insoluble?
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All carbonates, phosphates, chromates, and sulfides are soluble in water.
All carbonates, phosphates, chromates, and sulfides are soluble in water.
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Hydroxides are soluble in water unless they are combined with alkali metal ions or the Ba2+ ion.
Hydroxides are soluble in water unless they are combined with alkali metal ions or the Ba2+ ion.
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Study Notes
Solubility Rules for Ionic Compounds
- Nitrate ion (NO3-) salts are universally soluble in water.
- Salts with cations such as Na+, K+, and NH4+ are soluble in water.
- Common salts of chloride (Cl-), bromide (Br-), and iodide (I-) are soluble, except with cations Ag+, Pb2+, and Hg2^2+.
- Sulfate ion (SO4^2-) salts are mostly soluble, but exceptions include Ba2+, Sr2+, and Pb2+ cations.
- Sulfide ions (S2-) are generally insoluble, except when paired with Na+, K+, NH4+, Ba2+, or Ca2+ cations.
- Transition metal cations (e.g., Ag+, Cu2+, Ni2+) can form complexes with aqueous ammonia, facilitating the dissolution of insoluble precipitates.
Characteristics of Soluble Compounds
- Alkali metal ions (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+) and ammonium ion (NH4+) guarantee solubility in compounds.
- Nitrates (NO3-), bicarbonates (HCO3-), and chlorates (ClO3-) are soluble in water.
Soluble Compounds with Exceptions
- Halides (Cl-, Br-, I-) are generally soluble, with exceptions for Ag+, Hg2^2+, and Pb2+ halides.
- Sulfates (SO4^2-) are mostly soluble, exceptions include sulfates containing Ag+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Hg2^2+, and Pb2+.
Insoluble Compounds with Exceptions
- Carbonates (CO3^2-), phosphates (PO4^3-), chromates (CrO4^2-), and sulfides (S^2-) are predominantly insoluble, unless they contain alkali metal ions or ammonium ion.
- Hydroxides (OH-) are generally insoluble, except for those with alkali metal ions and Ba2+ ion.
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Test your knowledge of the solubility rules for common ionic compounds in water with these flashcards. Each card highlights specific rules concerning different ions, cations, and anions. Perfect for chemistry students looking to strengthen their understanding of solubility in aqueous solutions.
