Chemistry: Periodic Table and Subatomic Particles

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What do the number of valence electrons in an element correspond to?

The mass number of the element

The atomic number of the element

The number of shells in the element

The group number of the element (correct)

Which of the following statements regarding reactivity on the periodic table is true?

Elements become less reactive as you move down a group.

Elements become less reactive as you move down a period.

Elements become more reactive as you go down a group. (correct)

Elements become more reactive as you move across a period.

What must occur before electrons can be added to the M shell?

The M shell must be partially filled

Only the L shell must be full

Both K and L shells must be full (correct)

Both the K and N shells must be full

How many diatomic molecules are recognized on the periodic table?

7 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is considered an alkali metal?

Sodium Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the reactivity of elements changes as you move down a group on the periodic table.

As you move down a group on the periodic table, the elements become more reactive. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the period number and the number of electron shells in an element?

The period number of an element indicates the number of electron shells it has. Signup and view all the answers

List the seven diatomic molecules commonly found on the periodic table.

The seven diatomic molecules are Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Fluorine, Oxygen, Iodine, Chlorine, and Bromine. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the trend in hardness of elements as you move across a period from left to right.

As you move across a period from left to right, the elements generally become harder. Signup and view all the answers

How do the properties of alkaline earth metals compare to those of alkali metals?

Alkaline earth metals are less reactive than alkali metals. Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of electrons that can be held in the L shell?

8 Signup and view all the answers

As you move down a group on the periodic table, elements generally become harder.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

<h1>of n's = A - Z</h1> Signup and view all the answers

Diatomic molecules consist of two atoms joined together, with the seven diatomic molecules including _____ and Chlorine.

Hydrogen Signup and view all the answers

Match the following groups of elements to their characteristics:

Alkali Metals = Highly reactive and react with water Alkaline Earth Metals = Less reactive than alkali metals Transition Metals = Found in the middle, largest group on the table Diatomic Molecules = Consist of two atoms joined together Signup and view all the answers

Which group of elements contains Beryllium and Calcium?

Alkaline Earth Metals Signup and view all the answers

The atomic number is equal to the number of neutrons in an atom.

False Signup and view all the answers

As you move across the periodic table, the elements generally become more ______.

hard Signup and view all the answers

Match the following subatomic particles to their descriptions:

Protons = Positively charged particles in the nucleus Electrons = Negatively charged particles orbiting the nucleus Neutrons = Neutral particles found in the nucleus Mass Number = Total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Periodic Table Facts

Valence electrons are equal to the group number
Number of shells equals the period number
Reactivity increases down a group
Reactivity decreases across a period
Elements become harder across a period
Elements become softer down a group
Diatomic molecules are composed of two atoms
Seven diatomic molecules- Have No Fear Of Ice Cold Beer (Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Fluorine, Oxygen, Iodine, Chlorine, Bromine)

Subatomic Particles

Atomic number (Z) = number of protons = number of electrons
Mass number (A) = number of protons + number of neutrons
Number of neutrons = Mass number (A) - Atomic number (Z)

Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams

Shells (energy levels) fill from K to N
K shell holds a maximum of 2 electrons
L shell holds a maximum of 8 electrons
M shell holds a maximum of 8 electrons
N shell holds a maximum of 2 electrons

Groups on the Periodic Table

Alkali Metals: Highly reactive (Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium, Francium) - Note hydrogen is not an alkali metal.
Alkaline Earth Metals: Less reactive than alkali metals (Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, Barium, Radium)
Transition Metals: Located in the middle of the periodic table, large group (Scandium through Zinc, Yttrium through Cadmium, Hafnium through Mercury, etc.)
Rare Earth Metals: Lanthanides and Actinides (Lanthanum through Lutetium, Actinium through Lawrencium)
Metals: Various physical and chemical properties (Aluminum, Gallium, Indium, Tin, Thallium, Lead, Nihonium, Flerovium, Moscovium, Livermorium)
Metalloids: Exhibit properties of both metals and nonmetals (Boron, Silicon, Germanium, Arsenic, Antimony, Tellurium, Polonium)
Nonmetals: Various physical and chemical properties (Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Selenium, etc.)
Halogens: React with metals to form salts (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, Astatine, Tennessine)
Noble Gases: Least reactive elements (Hydrogen, Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Radon, Oganesson)

Classification of Matter

Pure Substance: Uniform composition, cannot be broken down by physical means
Element: Cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means
Compound: Composed of two or more elements chemically combined in definite proportions
Mixture: Two or more substances combined in any proportion
- Homogeneous mixture: Uniform composition, one phase
- Heterogeneous mixture: Non-uniform composition, multiple phases
  - Mechanical Mixture: Variable composition, usually multiple phases visible
  - Solution: Uniform composition, one phase
  - Alloy: Solution of metal(s) and other element(s)
  - Suspension: Mixture with undissolved particles that settle out over time
  - Colloid: Mixture with small particles that don't settle out

Properties of Matter

Physical properties: Observable without changing the substance's composition (color, taste, luster, solubility, hardness, viscosity, physical state, clarity, malleability, ductility, brittleness, texture, melting and boiling point, etc.)
Chemical properties: Observable only when the substance changes composition (flammability, reactivity, toxicity, stability ,combustibility, etc.)

Changes of Matter

Physical change: Altering physical properties without forming a new substance
Chemical change: Forming a new substance with different composition and properties

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on the periodic table, valence electrons, and subatomic particles with this engaging quiz. Explore important concepts like atomic number, mass number, and the unique properties of groups in the periodic table. Perfect for students honing their chemistry skills!