Chemistry Unit Test PDF

Chemistry Unit Test Periodic Table Facts - The number of electrons in the outermost shell(valence electrons) is equal to the group number - The number of shells are equal to the period number - As you go down the group on the periodic table the element get more reactive - As you...

Chemistry Unit Test Periodic Table Facts - The number of electrons in the outermost shell(valence electrons) is equal to the group number - The number of shells are equal to the period number - As you go down the group on the periodic table the element get more reactive - As you move across the periods on the periodic table it get less reactive - As you go across the periodic table the element get harder - As you go down the group the element get softer - Diatomic Molecules are molecules that consist of two atoms joined together. There are 7 diatomic molecules on the periodic table you can remember them with the saying Have No Fear Of Ice Cold Beer. - Hydrogen - Nitrogen - Fluorine - Oxygen - Iodine - Chlorine - Bromine Number of Subatomic Particles - Atomic Number (Z) – is equal to the number of protons and electron found is the atom (Z= # of p’s= # of e-’s). - Mass Number (A) - is equal to the number of particles (protons + neutrons) found inside the nucleus of an atom. - To find the number of neutrons you need to subtract the mass number from the atomic number (# of n’s=A-Z). Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams - The shells/energy levels are filled from the K to N shell in order. Both the K and L shell have to be full before adding any electrons into the M shell. - 1st energy level or K shell - can hold a maximum of 2 electrons. - 2nd energy level or L shell - can hold a maximum of 8 electrons. - 3rd energy level or M shell - can hold a maximum of 8 electrons. - 4th energy level or N shell - can hold a maximum of 2 electrons. Group On The Periodic Table - Alkali Metals are Lithium sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium and francium. These metals are all highly reactive metals that react with water to form hydrogen gas. HYDROGEN IS NOT AN ALKALI METAL - Alkaline Earth Metals are Beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium and radium are less reactive than alkali metals and can be found in the earth crust. - Transition metals are The transition metals can be found in the middle of the periodic table and are the biggest group on the periodic table. scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, technetium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, cadmium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, osmium iridium, platinum, gold, mercury, and more. - Rare earth metals - Lanthanides - Are on the 6 periods on the periodic table. Lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium. - Actinons - Are on the 7 period on the periodic table. Actinium, thorium, protactinium, uranium, neptunium, plutonium, americium curium, berkelium, californium, einsteinium, fermium, mendelevium, nobelium, and lawrencium. - Metals are Aluminum, gallium, indium, tin, thallium, lead, nihonium, flerovium, Moscovium, and livermorium. - Metalloids are Boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, tellurium, and polonium. - Non-metals are Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, and selenium. - Halogens are Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine, and Tennessine all react with metals to form salts.(sodium and chloride make NaCl - table salt) - Noble Gasses are Hydrogen, helium, neon,argon, krypton,xenon, radon, and oganesson are among the last elements to be discovered because they are the least reactive of the known elements. Classification of Matter - A pure substance is a substance which has a uniform composition throughout and can't be broken down by physical means. - Element is a substance that can not be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. - A compound is composed of two or more elements chemically combined in definite proportions.  - A mixture comprises 2 or more pure substances combined in any proportion. - Phase is a distinguishing part of matter, a substance like oil and water. - In a homogeneous mixture, there is only one phase, it has a uniform composition, and the particles are too small to be seen by the human eye or a microscope. - A heterogeneous mixture has two or more different phases, does not have a uniform composition, and sometimes has particles large enough to be seen by the human eye. - A mechanical mixture comprises 2 or more substances combined with a variable composition. - The solution is composed of 2 or more pure substances with a uniform composition. - An alloy is a uniform mixture in which a metal is combined with another element. - Suspension is a mixture consisting of a fluid with small particles that are distributed throughout and will settle if left undisturbed - A Colloid is a mixture consisting of a fluid with small particles that are distributed evenly throughout and will not settle if left undisturbed. Properties of Matter - The physical property of a substance is a characteristic that can be determined without changing the substance composition of makeup. - Ex. color, taste, Luster, solubility, hardness, viscosity, physical state, clarity, malleability, ductility, brittleness, texture, melting and boiling point. - The chemical property of a substance is a characteristic that can be observed only when the substance changes composition. - Toxicity, Reactivity, stability, and combustibility. Changes of Matter - A Physical change occurs when one or more physical properties of a substance are altered without forming a new substance. - A chemical change is a change in a substance in which a new substance is formed with a different composition and new properties.