Chemistry Final Exam Topics Fall 2024
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Questions and Answers

Which statement accurately describes the composition of a sodium ion?

  • It has 11 protons and 11 electrons.
  • It has 11 protons and 10 electrons. (correct)
  • It has 10 protons and 11 electrons.
  • It has 10 protons and 10 electrons.

    • Which of the following correctly describes the differences between ionic and covalent bonding?

  • Ionic bonding occurs between nonmetals only.
  • Covalent bonding occurs between nonmetals or metalloids. (correct)
  • Covalent bonding occurs between metals and nonmetals.
  • Ionic bonding occurs between nonmetals or metalloids.

    • What is the standard for defining 1 atomic mass unit (amu)?

  • Carbon-12 (correct)
  • Oxygen-16
  • Hydrogen-1
  • Nitrogen-14

    • How can average atomic mass be calculated for an element with multiple isotopes?

    <p>By calculating the weighted average of the masses based on percent abundances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following properties typically differs between ionic and covalent substances?

    <p>Covalent substances are typically soluble in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating density?

    <p>D = m/V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when converting Celsius to Kelvin?

    <p>You add 273.15 to the Celsius temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the periodic table?

    <p>Metalloids are located along the 'staircase' line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When conducting a dimensional analysis, which factor is essential to use?

    <p>Conversion factors that relate different units.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly represents the naming convention for binary ionic compounds?

    <p>Combining the metal name with the nonmetal name ending in -ide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relative mass comparison of protons, neutrons, and electrons?

    <p>Protons and neutrons have similar masses, significantly greater than electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct formula for hydrogen peroxide, a non-'Top 20' polyatomic ion?

    <p>H2O2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a strong force?

    <p>It is responsible for the stability of the atomic nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following binary covalent compound names includes an exception due to traditional naming?

    <p>Ammonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you classify the atomic structure of neutral sodium (Na)?

    <p>It has 11 protons and 11 electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding polyatomic ions in ternary ionic compounds?

    <p>Polyatomic ions may have names derived from their composition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does water displacement have in calculating volume?

    <p>It helps determine the volume of irregular solids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for a linear alkane with five carbon atoms?

    <p>C5H12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates a compound from a mixture?

    <p>A compound has a fixed composition, whereas a mixture does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a physical change?

    <p>Dissolving sugar in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes intensive properties?

    <p>They remain the same regardless of the amount of substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary distinction between qualitative and quantitative data?

    <p>Qualitative data is based on observations, whereas quantitative data is measured and expressed numerically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which SI unit is used to measure the amount of substance?

    <p>Mole (mol)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In scientific inquiry, what is the purpose of a control group?

    <p>To have a baseline for comparison.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about protons and electrons is correct?

    <p>Protons are positively charged particles in the nucleus, while electrons are negatively charged particles in orbit around the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of error can be avoided by making repeated measurements and calculating an average?

    <p>Random error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a sign that a chemical reaction has occurred?

    <p>A color change occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the symbol (aq) indicate in a chemical equation?

    <p>The compound is in aqueous solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction type is represented by the equation 2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl?

    <p>Synthesis/Combination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should you treat polyatomic ions when balancing a chemical equation?

    <p>Keep them together and treat as a single unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a necessary step after balancing a skeleton equation using fractional coefficients?

    <p>Multiply the entire equation by the denominator to get whole numbers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents a decomposition reaction?

    <p>CaCO3 → CaO + CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a combustion reaction involving hydrocarbons, what are the typical products formed?

    <p>Carbon dioxide and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reaction occurs when Zn reacts with 2HCl to form ZnCl2 and H2?

    <p>Single replacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes oxidation in a redox reaction?

    <p>Oxidation involves the loss of electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the reaction NaCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq), what is formed as a precipitate?

    <p>AgCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ions is generally soluble in water without exceptions?

    <p>NO3−</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'limiting reactant' refer to in a chemical reaction?

    <p>The reactant that is completely consumed first.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When performing a titration, what is typically measured to determine the concentration of an unknown solution?

    <p>The volume of the titrant added</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a strong acid?

    <p>CH3COOH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is essential for calculating percent yield in a reaction?

    <p>Both actual and theoretical yields</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the symbol 'ppt' signify in a chemical equation?

    <p>It denotes a solid precipitate formed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Final Exam Topics - Fall 2024

    • The final exam will consist of 40 multiple-choice questions and 4 free-response questions
    • 50% of the exam covers lessons 1-26 (exams 1-3)
    • The remaining 50% covers lessons 27-37, Beer-Lambert Law, and solution composition
    • A periodic table and a general solubility rules sheet for ionic compounds will be provided.
    • Students can use one 3x5 index card with handwritten notes.

    Lessons 1-26 (50%)

    • Scientific Inquiry:

      • Variables (independent, dependent, constants, replicates)
      • Control group

    • Classification of Matter:

      • Pure Substances (elements, compounds)
      • Atoms, ions, subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, electrons, quarks)
      • Molecules
      • Mixtures (homogeneous vs. heterogeneous)

    • States of Matter:

      • Solid, liquid, gas, plasma
      • Changes of state (melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, sublimation, deposition)

    • Properties of Matter:

      • Physical properties and changes
      • Intensive and extensive properties
      • Chemical properties and changes (color change, gas formation, etc.)

    • Data:

      • Qualitative and quantitative data
      • Units (SI/metric system) - Base units (kg, m, s, K, mol, Pa) and prefixes (micro-, milli-, centi-, deci-, kilo-)
      • Accuracy, precision, and error measurements (random, systematic, and gross errors)

    • Calculations/Mathematics:

      • Average (mean)
      • Using measuring instruments (graduated cylinder, buret, pipet, etc.)
      • Significant figures

    • Density:

      • D = m/V (density = mass/volume)
      • Calculating density, volume, or mass given two of these values
      • Water displacement method (Vwater = Vsolid)
      • Temperature (Celsius to Kelvin conversions; TK = T°C + 273.15)
      • Dimensional analysis and conversion factors

    Lessons 27-37, Beer-Lambert Law, Solution Composition (50%)

    • Specific topics from lessons 27-37 will be covered. 
    • The Beer-Lambert Law (A = abc): understanding the relationship between absorbance, molar absorptivity, path length and concentration

    Additional Topics

    • SI-conversions and English-English conversions

    • Periodic Table (memorize symbols and names, properties of groups and periods)

    • Atomic Structure and Counting (protons, neutrons, electrons)

    • Isotopes and Atomic Mass, Mass spectrometer

    • Chemical Bonding (ionic, covalent, nomenclature)

    • Chemical Reactions (writing and balancing equations, types of reactions, stoichiometry, net ionic equations)

    • Chemical nomenclature and formulas - oxidation states/numbers, and charges

    • Stoichiometry:

      • Conversions between moles, particles, and grams using Avogadro's number and molar mass
      • Mass percent composition
      • Empirical and molecular formulas
      • Limiting and excess reactants; Reaction yields

    • Thermochemistry:

      • First law of thermodynamics
      • Exothermic vs. endothermic
      • Thermochemical equations; Dimensional Analysis (ΔH)
      • Heat capacity (q=mCpΔT)

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    CY 121 Final Exam Study Guide Fall 2024 PDF

    Description

    Prepare for your Chemistry final exam with this comprehensive coverage of key topics from lessons 1-37, including scientific inquiry, classification of matter, states of matter, and properties of matter. Review essential concepts, the Beer-Lambert Law, and solution composition while utilizing provided resources like the periodic table and solubility rules.

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