Chemistry Final Exam Review
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Questions and Answers

How many covalent bonds does carbon generally form in organic compounds?

  • 3
  • 4 (correct)
  • 2
  • 8

    • Hydrocarbons are nonpolar molecules.

    True

    The compound below is classified as what type of compound?

  • Aromatic hydrocarbon (correct)
  • Alkane
  • Alkene
  • Alkyne

    • Which compound classification type for levonorgestrel is incorrect?

    <p>Aromatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is NOT a valid interpretation of its skeletal structure?

    <p>The compound contains 12 C-H bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The functional group of which type of compound does not contain a carbonyl group?

    <p>Ether</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What alcohol would be oxidized to form the compound below?

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    What configuration of a double bond is more common in naturally occurring fatty acids?

    <p>Cis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What product is formed from the reaction below?

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    Which alcohol is most soluble in water?

    <p>(CH3)2CHCH2OH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which alkane has the lowest boiling point?

    <p>Ethane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound has the highest boiling point?

    <p>CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound has the lowest boiling point?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is an alcohol?

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    Which compound is an amide?

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    Which compound is an α-hydroxy acid?

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    Which compound is the most soluble in water?

    <p>CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2COOK</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which functional group is not present?

    <p>Benzene ring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure has all of the hydrogens and lone pairs correctly added to the compound shown below?

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    Which is a primary alcohol?

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    Which compound has the highest boiling point?

    <p>CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is chiral?

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    Which compound is a secondary amine?

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    Which of the following properly describes soaps?

    <p>Salts of carboxylic acids that have a long hydrocarbon chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many chirality centers are in lobeline?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What products are formed when CH3CH2CH2-HN-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 reacts with HCl?

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    Which structure is not possible?

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    Atorvastatin is the active ingredient in Lipitor, a drug classified as a statin, used for lowering blood cholesterol. Which of these functional groups is not present in atorvastatin?

    <p>Ether</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which types of compounds are saturated hydrocarbons?

    <p>Alkanes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of the compound shown here?

    <p>Ketotetrose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which formula represents an organic compound?

    <p>C4H10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many chirality centers are in the compound shown here?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many H atoms are bonded to the labeled carbons in the structure shown here?

    <p>C1 needs 2Hs and C2 needs 1H</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of the compound formed when is treated with H2 in the presence of the Pd catalyst?

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    How many H atoms are in the structure shown here?

    <p>18 H atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of sugar is lactose?

    <p>A disaccharide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of compound is shown here?

    <p>Alkene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is not a polysaccharide?

    <p>Fructose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the functional group in the compound shown here?

    <p>Carboxyl group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are humans not able to digest cellulose?

    <p>Humans do not possess the enzyme to cleave B-glycosides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many lone pairs of electrons are in the molecule shown here?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common form in which polysaccharides are stored in animals?

    <p>Glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the functional group in the compound shown here?

    <p>Amine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Individuals with blood type AB are called?

    <p>Universal recipients because they can receive blood from individuals with any type of blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is flammable?

    <p>HOCH2CH2OH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a hydrolyzable lipid?

    <p>A triacylglycerol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many hydrogen atoms are present in an acyclic alkane with 5 carbon atoms?

    <p>12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Linolenic acid, CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH, is _____.

    <p>An omega-3 acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of 2-methylhexane?

    <p>(CH3)2CHCH2CH2CH2CH3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound has the highest melting point?

    <p>CH3(CH2)14COOH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which has the lowest boiling point?

    <p>Ethane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What two types of compounds react to form a wax?

    <p>A fatty acid and a high molecular weight alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecular formula has the largest number of constitutional isomers?

    <p>C6H14</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fatty acid is most common in coconut oil?

    <p>Saturated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Saturated hydrocarbons are?

    <p>Alkanes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a trans fat?

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    Which structure is trans-3-hexene?

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    How many different dipeptides can be formed when one valine reacts with one glycine?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fatty acid has the lowest melting point?

    <p>CH3(CH2)2CH=CH(CH2)8COOH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein stores O2 in tissues?

    <p>Myoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the reaction 2-pentene + H2?

    <p>Pentane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge on a zwitterion?

    <p>Neutral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which synthetic polymer is not one of the six compounds, called the 'Big Six,' that account for 76% of the synthetic polymers produced in the U.S. each year?

    <p>Polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is a dipeptide formed?

    <p>The -NH3+ group of one amino acid forms an amide bond with the carboxylate (-COO-) of another amino acid, and the elements of H2O are removed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many different products are formed in the hydration reaction of propene?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the particular sequence of amino acids of a protein that are joined together by peptide bonds called?

    <p>The primary structure of a protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a secondary alcohol?

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    What is the structure of the amino acid leucine at pH 1?

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    How many products are possible from the dehydration of the compound shown here?

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    Which component is not part of a nucleotide?

    <p>An amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is an example of an ether?

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    Which base is found in DNA or RNA, but not both?

    <p>Uracil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final oxidation product of the reaction in the compound shown here?

    <p>A cyclic ketone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a nucleotide?

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    What compound can be oxidized to be a carboxylic acid?

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    What is the abbreviation of the structure shown?

    <p>CAT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The general formula for an aldehyde is?

    <p>RCHO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the nucleoside shown?

    <p>Deoxyadenosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is an example of a ketone?

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    Which base is at the 3' end of the structure shown?

    <p>T</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which object is a chiral?

    <p>A shoe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the complementary strand for the DNA strand 5'-AAGGTAGC-3'?

    <p>3'-AAGGTAGC-5'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is a secondary amide?

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    What is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself when a cell divides?

    <p>Replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the IUPAC name of the compound shown here?

    <p>Propyl heptanoate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the step in the synthesis of proteins from RNA called, where the genetic message contained in RNA determines the specific amino acid sequence of a protein?

    <p>Translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is an α-hydroxy acid?

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    Which is not one of the three stages in translation?

    <p>Mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mutation is expressed when a DNA sequence changes from GGA TCA CCG GAA....to GGA TCC CGG....?

    <p>A deletion mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound can react with ammonia to produce amide?

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    Which is not a genetic disease?

    <p>All four of these diseases are genetic diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is a triacylglycerol?

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    Which is the sum of all of the chemical reactions that take place in an organism?

    <p>Metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does energy production occur in animal cells?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the hydrolysis of carbohydrates to monosaccharides begin?

    <p>In the saliva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The addition of a phosphate group to ADP, forming ATP, is an example of what type of reaction?

    <p>Phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction is correct?

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    Which is an example of a cofactor?

    <p>NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which conditions are commonly diagnosed by measuring the levels of specific enzymes in the blood?

    <p>Two of the three conditions above are commonly diagnosed by measuring the levels of specific enzymes in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The oxidation of glucose (C6H12O6) to carbon dioxide and water is an example of:

    <p>Catabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Carbon and Organic Compounds

    • Carbon typically forms four covalent bonds in organic compounds.
    • Hydrocarbons, composed solely of carbon and hydrogen, are nonpolar molecules.

    Types of Hydrocarbons and Compounds

    • Aromatic hydrocarbons are a type of hydrocarbon that contains a benzene ring.
    • Levonorgestrel, a compound with multiple functional groups, includes classifications such as alkyne, alcohol, alkene, and ketone; however, it does not fall under aromatic classification.
    • The medicinal compound used to treat fibromyalgia contains eight carbon atoms, seventeen hydrogen atoms, and three heteroatoms.

    Functional Groups

    • Ethers do not contain a carbonyl group, unlike carboxylic acids, ketones, aldehydes, and esters.
    • The cis configuration is more common in naturally occurring fatty acids.

    Alcohol and Solubility

    • The alcohol structurally represented is most soluble in water: (CH3)2CHCH2OH.
    • Ethane has the lowest boiling point among alkanes when comparing butane, propane, and hexane.

    Boiling and Melting Points

    • The compound CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH has the highest boiling point among the listed options.
    • Compounds vary significantly in their melting points based on structure and functional groups, with CH3(CH2)14COOH showing the highest melting point.

    Chirality and Isomers

    • Chirality centers in lobeline were found to be three.
    • C6H14 has the largest number of constitutional isomers compared to other compounds mentioned.

    Polysaccharides and Sugars

    • Glycogen is the primary storage form of polysaccharides in animals.
    • Lactose is classified as a disaccharide, while fructose is not a polysaccharide.

    DNA and Nucleotides

    • Uracil is a base found in RNA but not in DNA.
    • The enzyme translation involves the conversion of RNA information into a specific amino acid sequence.

    Reaction Types and Mechanisms

    • The hydration reaction of propene can yield two different products.
    • The process by which DNA copies itself during cell division is termed replication.

    Enzymatic and Metabolic Functions

    • Metabolism encompasses all chemical reactions occurring in an organism, including both anabolism and catabolism.
    • NAD+ serves as an example of a cofactor in biological reactions.

    Conditions and Diagnosis

    • Specific enzyme levels in the blood can help diagnose heart attacks and prostate cancer, indicating the importance of enzymatic studies in medical diagnosis.
    • The oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide and water is categorized under catabolism, illustrating the energy-releasing processes within metabolism.

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    Prepare for your chemistry final with these flashcards covering essential concepts such as covalent bonds, hydrocarbon properties, and compound classifications. Test your knowledge and boost your confidence before the exam!

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