Chemistry Final Exam Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

The following are heterogeneous mixtures EXCEPT:

  • Cereal and milk
  • Oil and water
  • Sand and salt
  • Gasoline (correct)

    • A moderate walk burns 245 Calories per hour. Calculate the number of joules burned by this activity. Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units.

    1030000 J

    Calculate the density in g/mL of 2.0 L of gasoline that weighs 1.25 kg. Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.

    0.63 g/mL

    A low dose of aspirin contains 83 mg of acetylsalicylic acid per tablet. How many grams of acetylsalicylic acid will a patient have taken over the course of 5.0 years if he or she takes one aspirin tablet daily? Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.

    <p>150 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient gets 1.8 L of fluid over 16 hours through an IV. The drop factor is 20 gtt/mL. Calculate the drip rate in drops per minute (gtt/min). Express your answer using two significant figures.

    <p>38 gtt/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Express 0.29 as percent. Express your answer using two significant figures.

    <p>29%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fifty is what percent of 135? Express your answer using one significant figure.

    <p>40 %</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A tablet of Benadryl has a mass of 0.49 g. It contains 24 mg of diphenhydramine HCl. What percent of the tablet is active ingredient? Express your answer using two significant figures.

    <p>4.9 %</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Complete the following math operation and give your answer to the correct number of significant figures. 340/96 =

    <p>3.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Complete the following math operation and give your answer to the correct number of significant figures. 19.029−0.00801 =

    <p>19.021</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On average, a child's lung volume is 3 L. Convert this volume to mL. Express your answer with the appropriate units.

    <p>3000 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give the number of significant figures in 0.000068 g. Express your answer as an integer.

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give the number of significant figures in 9,237,200 years. Express your answer as an integer.

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give the number of significant figures in 25.00 m. Express your answer as an integer.

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A liquid has a mass of 51.4 g and a volume of 50.0 mL. Calculate the specific gravity. Assume density of water is equal to 1.0 g/mL. Express your final answer in three significant figures.

    <p>1.03</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fetal cord blood is stored at -113ºF. What is this temperature in K? Express your answer in three significant digits.

    <p>193K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Express 0.29 as a percent. Express your answer using two significant figures.

    <p>29%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Express 7.4×10^(-2) in decimal format.

    <p>0.074</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Express 3.75×10^(3) in decimal format.

    <p>3750</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide scientific notation for 2,500,000.

    <p>2.5×10^(6)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide scientific notation for 0.057.

    <p>5.7×10^(-2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The kicker in the figure below attempts three field goals with the path of the football shown in grey and white. In this figure, the kicker demonstrates _____.

    <p>precision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The rusting of the metal is a chemical change.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The average diameter of a human cell is 0.000050 meters. How many significant figures does this measurement contain?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two states of matter have a definite volume?

    <p>solid and liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Density is defined as the comparative ratio of a substance's _____.

    <p>mass to volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these pure substances is an element?

    <p>O2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A uniform combination of two or more pure substances can be classified as _____

    <p>a homogeneous mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the organization of the periodic table, periods _____.

    <p>are the horizontal rows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To which group and period does potassium belong?

    <p>1A, 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In any measurement, the digits known with certainty plus one estimated digit are called _____.

    <p>significant digits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Consider the equation below. Which is the identity of the missing particle?

    <p>alpha particle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A brain scan uses the radioisotope oxygen-15. The recommended dosage is 40 mCi. A supply of 260 mCi in 40 mL arrives at the lab. How many mL will be injected into a patient? Express your answer to one significant figure and include the appropriate unit.

    <p>6 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Technetium-99m is useful in diagnostic imaging since it has a short effective half-life of 4.8 hours. If a patient receives a dose with 65.0 mCi of technetium-99m, how much radioactivity will be left in the patient's body 48 hours after injection? Express the radioactivity to three significant figures and include the appropriate units.

    <p>0.0635 mCi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mass number for a sulfur atom that contains 16 neutrons? Express your number as an integer.

    <p>32</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many neutrons are present in magnesium-26? Express your answer as an integer.

    <p>14</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge on an alpha particle? Express your answer as a signed integer.

    <p>+2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge on a beta particle? Express your answer as a signed integer.

    <p>-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge on a gamma ray? Express your answer as an integer.

    <p>0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in a bromine atom that has a mass number of 74. Express your answer as integers separated by a comma and a space.

    <p>35, 39, 35</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in Ag-107. Express your answer as integers in this order: protons, neutrons, and electrons.

    <p>47, 60, 47</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Overall, the charge experienced by an atom in an element is _____.

    <p>neutral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The unit that measures the number of radioactive emissions that occur per second in a sample of radioactive material is called the ____.

    <p>curie</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cobalt-60 is used as a radiation source to irradiate food and decays to nickel-60. Identify the type of radioactive particle produced when cobalt-60 decays.

    <p>beta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gold-198 is an isotope with a half-life of 2.7 days and is used in the treatment of leukemia. If a patient is given a dose of 80 mCi, how much radiation remains after 10.8 days?

    <p>5 mCi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents a pair of isotopes?

    <p>27Al and 26A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A sodium atom with a mass number of 23 will have _____.

    <p>11 protons, 11 electrons, and 12 neutrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subatomic particles contribute the most to the mass of an atom?

    <p>protons and neutrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gamma emitters are often selected.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many covalent bond(s) does a chlorine atom tend to form?

    <p>one</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is formed between a metal and a nonmetal

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a nonmetal?

    <p>sulfur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a polar bond?

    <p>N-F</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a nonmetal?

    <p>fluorine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The following pairs will involve sharing of electrons when bonding to each other except:

    <p>rubidium and iodine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most electronegative element?

    <p>F</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a polar bond?

    <p>H-Cl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following molecules is polar?

    <p>H2O (bent shape)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the molecule below:

    <p>tetrahedral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Calculate the number of S atoms in 0.600 mole of S. Express the number of atoms to three significant figures.

    <p>3.61E+23 atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Determine the molar mass of citric acid, C6H8O7. Express your answer to two decimal places and include the appropriate units.

    <p>192.12 g/mol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Calculate the number of moles in 14.9 g of Fe. Note: Molar Mass of Fe = 55.85 g/mol. Express the number of moles to three significant figures.

    <p>0.267 mol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Calculate the number of atoms in 66.0 g of Cu. Note: Molar Mass of Cu = 63.55 g/mol. Avogadro's number = 1 mol = 6.02 x 10^23 atoms. Express the number of atoms to three significant figures.

    <p>6.25E+23 atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many protons are there in Ca2+? Express your answer as an integer.

    <p>20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many valence electrons are present in P?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many valence electrons are present in Mg? Express your answer as an integer.

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many valence electrons are present in O?

    <p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many valence electrons are present in Cl? Express your answer as an integer.

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give the formula for the ionic compound formed from the combination of aluminum ion and phosphate, PO43-, a polyatomic ion.

    <p>AlPO4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide the charge on each element when an ion is formed. sodium, phosphorus, magnesium, bromine.

    <p>+1,-3,+2,-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for carbon disulfide? (Note: Because of limitations on Moodle, subscript is not needed).

    <p>CS2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the IUPAC name for the covalent compound, I2O7?

    <p>Diiodine Heptoxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct formula for nitrogen trifluoride?

    <p>NF3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give the formula for the ionic compound formed from gold(II) and chloride ion, an antimicrobial.

    <p>AuCl2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the IUPAC name for Cl3O5?

    <p>Trichlorine Pentoxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give the name for the ionic compound formed from magnesium and carbonate.

    <p>Magnesium carbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the following ions. Al3+, Cl-, Cu2+, P3-.

    <p>aluminum ion, chloride, copper(II) ion, phosphide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spell out the full name of the ion. NH4+, C2H3O2−, CN−.

    <p>ammonium ion, acetate, cyanide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give the formula for the ionic compound formed from calcium ion and hydroxide. Note: hydroxide = OH-.

    <p>Ca(OH)2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ number is representative of the total number of valence electrons for main group elements.

    <p>GROUP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A sample of silver weighing 107.9 grams contains _____.

    <p>6.02 × 10^23 silver atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An atom that has a greater number of protons than electrons is called _____.

    <p>a cation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In their most stable form, the elements of Group 5A will all carry a charge of _____.

    <p>3-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An ionic bond _____.

    <p>forms by interaction of the charges on the ions formed from the transfer of electron(s) from one atom to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of PF3?

    <p>trigonal pyramidal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The following molecules all have the same shape. Which molecule is nonpolar?

    <p>C2H4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many covalent bonds is oxygen capable of forming?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following molecules is polar?

    <p>CH3OH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The rule that elements will react in such a way as to become stable by obtaining a filled valence shell is known as the ______ rule.

    <p>octet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alkanes are made up entirely of which two elements?

    <p>carbon and hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The C=O found in several functional groups is known as _____.

    <p>a carbonyl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The skeletal structure of cyclohexane is given below. What is the molecular formula for cyclohexane?

    <p>C6H12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Elements other than carbon and hydrogen that are present in an organic compound are called _____.

    <p>heteroatoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following naturally-occurring compounds contain the alkene functional group?

    <p>all of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the alkyl substituent shown below?

    <p>isopropyl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an alkyne?

    <p>H-C≡C-C-C-H</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is formed when amino acids combine?

    <p>amide bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following products contains aromatic hydrocarbons?

    <p>all of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many chiral centers are there in the following compound?

    <p>one</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The following can exist as cis-trans isomers except:

    <p>H3C (model)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A chiral carbon has _____ different atoms or groups of atoms attached to it.

    <p>four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Heterogeneous Mixtures

    • Gasoline is considered a homogeneous mixture.

    Caloric Burn Conversion

    • Moderate walking burns 245 Calories per hour, equivalent to 1,030,000 J.

    Density Calculation

    • Density of gasoline: 2.0 L weighs 1.25 kg, resulting in a density of 0.63 g/mL.

    Aspirin Dosage Calculation

    • Patients at risk for coronary artery disease taking low-dose aspirin (83 mg daily) over 5 years will consume approximately 150 g of acetylsalicylic acid.

    IV Drip Rate

    • Administering 1.8 L over 16 hours with a drop factor of 20 gtt/mL results in a drip rate of 38 drops/min.

    Percent Conversion

    • Expressing 0.29 as a percentage yields 29%.

    Percentage Calculations

    • 50 is 40% of 135.
    • Benadryl tablet contains 24 mg of diphenhydramine HCl, which is 4.9% of its mass (0.49 g).

    Significant Figures

    • Division and subtraction operations should maintain significant figures:
      • 340/96 results in 3.5.
      • 19.029 - 0.00801 yields 19.021.
    • 0.000068 g has 2 significant figures.
    • The number 9,237,200 contains 5 significant figures.
    • 25.00 m has 4 significant figures.

    Specific Gravity Calculation

    • A liquid with a mass of 51.4 g and a volume of 50.0 mL has a specific gravity of 1.03.

    Temperature Conversion

    • Fetal cord blood at -113ºF is equivalent to 193 K.

    Decimal and Scientific Notation

    • 0.29 and 0.074 expressed in decimal format: 7.4×10^(-2) converts to decimal as 0.074.
    • 3.75×10^(3) converts to decimal as 3750.
    • 2,500,000 in scientific notation is 2.5×10^(6).
    • 0.057 in scientific notation is 5.7×10^(-2).

    Precision and Chemical Change

    • The accuracy of a kicker's field goals demonstrates precision.
    • Rusting of metal is identified as a chemical change.

    States of Matter

    • Solids and liquids possess definite volumes.

    Density Definition

    • Density is defined as the ratio of mass to volume.

    Element Classification

    • O2 is classified as an element.
    • A homogeneous mixture is formed by uniform combinations of pure substances.

    Periodic Table Organization

    • Periods are horizontal rows in the periodic table.
    • Potassium is located in group 1A, period 4.

    Significant Digit Usage

    • Significant digits include all known digits plus one estimated digit.

    Nuclear Particles

    • Missing particle in given equations often refers to an alpha particle.

    Radioisotope Dosage Calculation

    • Oxygen-15 has a dosage of 40 mCi; a supply of 260 mCi can provide 6 mL to the patient.

    Half-Life and Radioactivity

    • Cobalt-60 decays to nickel-60, producing beta particles.
    • Gold-198 has a half-life of 2.7 days; after 10.8 days, 5 mCi remains from an initial dose of 80 mCi.

    Isotope Identification

    • 27Al and 26A represent a pair of isotopes.
    • Sodium has a charge of +1, phosphorus -3, magnesium +2, bromine -1 when formed as ions.

    Atomic Structure

    • Cations have more protons than electrons; in neutral elements, protons equal electrons.
    • Magnesium ion and hydroxide combine to form Ca(OH)2.

    Bonding

    • Ionic bonds form through charge interactions from electron transfer.
    • Covalent bonds are generally formed between nonmetals.

    Molecular Shape and Bonding Types

    • Polar bonds occur in H-Cl and N-F molecules.
    • Molecules such as H2O have a bent shape and are polar.

    Organic Chemistry

    • Alkanes consist solely of carbon and hydrogen.
    • Aromatic hydrocarbons are present in certain products.

    Chiral Centers

    • A chiral carbon has four distinct atoms or groups attached, influencing stereoisomerism.

    Chemical Nomenclature

    • Diiodine heptoxide is the IUPAC name for I2O7.
    • Carbon disulfide is represented as CS2.

    Valence Electrons

    • Valence electrons determine an element's charge and bonding behavior: 5 in phosphorus, 2 in magnesium, 6 in oxygen, 7 in chlorine.

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    Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key concepts from your chemistry final exam. Topics include heterogeneous mixtures, calorie conversion to joules, and density calculations. Perfect for quick study sessions and revision.

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