Chemistry Equilibrium Reactions Quiz

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In an exothermic equilibrium reaction, what is the effect of increasing the temperature?

The equilibrium remains unchanged as temperature has no effect on an exothermic reaction.
The rates of both forward and reverse reactions decrease proportionally.
The equilibrium shifts to favor the reverse reaction, decreasing the product yield. (correct)
The equilibrium shifts to favor the forward reaction, increasing the product yield.

According to collision theory, how does increasing temperature affect an endothermic reaction's rate?

It decreases the rates of both forward and reverse reactions equally.
It increases the rate of the forward reaction more than the reverse reaction. (correct)
It decreases the rate of the forward reaction more than the reverse reaction.
It increases the rate of the reverse reaction more than the forward reaction.

In an endothermic equilibrium, if the temperature is decreased, the system will shift to favor which reaction?

The forward endothermic reaction in order to produce heat.
The reverse exothermic reaction in order to produce heat. (correct)
The forward endothermic reaction in order to remove heat.
The reverse exothermic reaction in order to remove heat.

Consider an equilibrium system where the forward reaction is endothermic. How does the activation energy of the forward reaction compare to the reverse?

The activation energy of the forward reaction is greater than the reverse reaction. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does decreasing the temperature affect the reaction rates in an equilibrium system?

It decreases the rates of both forward and reverse reactions. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the 'like dissolves like' principle concerning intermolecular forces?

Polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents due to the formation of strong intermolecular forces. (C) Signup and view all the answers

When an ionic compound dissolves in water, what type of intermolecular force is primarily responsible for the formation of solvation spheres?

Ion-dipole forces (A) Signup and view all the answers

What factor determines whether the dissolution of a substance is exothermic or endothermic?

The energy required to break and form bonds (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a static equilibrium in the context of dissolution?

A limited quantity of solute is added that completely dissolves. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of a dynamic equilibrium during the dissolution of $CaCl_2$?

The rates of dissolution and precipitation are equal. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How can the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a solution be altered?

By altering the temperature of the solution. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary danger associated with cycasin found in cycad fruits?

It is carcinogenic and a neurotoxin. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How can Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples utilise solubility principles when preparing cycad fruit for consumption?

By repeatedly soaking the cycad fruit in water to leach out the cycasin. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In a reversible reaction, what is the primary characteristic that distinguishes it from a reaction that goes to completion?

The simultaneous conversion of reactants to products and products back to reactants. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes a system that is in a state of dynamic equilibrium?

The rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between an open and a closed system in the context of chemical reactions and equilibrium?

Open systems allow for exchange of both matter and energy with the surroundings, while closed systems allow only for energy exchange. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor typically considered when applying Le Chatelier’s principle to predict the shift in equilibrium position?

Presence of a catalyst. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does increasing the temperature of a system generally affect the position of equilibrium in an exothermic reaction?

The equilibrium position shifts towards the reactants, favoring the reverse reaction. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does an increase in pressure (or decrease in volume) influence an equilibrium system with more moles of gas on the reactant side compared to the product side?

The equilibrium position shifts to reduce the number of gas molecules, favoring the products. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does a catalyst influence the activation energy and the heat of reaction of a chemical reaction?

It decreases the activation energy, without changing the heat of reaction. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What would be the immediate effect of adding more potassium thiocyanate to an equilibrium system of Iron(III) nitrate and potassium thiocyanate?

The concentration of iron thiocyanate complex increases. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a surfactant molecule when interacting with water?

To decrease the surface tension of the water by acting on its surface. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the arrangement of surfactant molecules in a micelle?

Hydrophilic heads facing outwards and hydrophobic tails tucked inwards. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key mechanism by which micelles formed by surfactants are lifted away from a surface during cleaning?

Ion-dipole interactions between the hydrophilic heads and water molecules. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental difference between soaps and detergents in terms of their source and primary use?

Soaps are derived from natural sources and are mild, while detergents are synthetic and can be skin irritants. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of water exhibits the formation of 'scum' when combined with soap, and what causes this?

Hard water because of a reaction between calcium and magnesium ions plus the anionic carboxylate head of soaps. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What observation confirms the presence of a carbon-carbon double bond using the bromine water test?

The solution changing from a red-orange colour to colourless. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary product of the reaction between a carboxylic acid and sodium bicarbonate ($NaHCO_3$)?

Carbon dioxide gas and water. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How can the presence of a hydroxyl group be assessed using sodium metal ($Na$)?

The confirmation of hydrogen gas that when tested, makes a 'pop' sound and produces a gas. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does the oxidation of a secondary alcohol differ from that of a primary alcohol using acidified potassium dichromate?

Secondary alcohols produces ketones, and the primary alcohols will further oxidize to a carboxylic acid. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which spectroscopic technique is primarily used to determine the structure of molecules using magnetic properties of the nuclei?

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the Arrhenius theory, what is the mechanism of acid-base neutralization?

Formation of water from hydrogen and hydroxide ions (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key limitation of the Arrhenius theory when describing acids and bases?

It fails to explain why some salts are acidic or basic. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes an amphiprotic substance?

It can act as an acid in one reaction and a base in another (C) Signup and view all the answers

What outcome does increasing the temperature have on the self-ionization of water?

The Kw increases. (B) Signup and view all the answers

If the concentration of hydronium ions in a solution increases by a factor of 100, what is the corresponding change in pH?

pH decreases by 2. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is shared by all strong acids in their first ionization step?

Their first ionization reaction is 100%. (C) Signup and view all the answers

A solution of a strong diprotic acid, such as $H_2SO_4$, has a pH of 1. Given equimolar solutions, how would this pH compare to a solution of a strong monoprotic acid, such as $HCl$, assuming 100% ionization for the first ionization?

The HCl solution will have a higher pH. (A) Signup and view all the answers

The salt $NH_4Cl$ is formed from a strong acid and weak base. What type of salt is this?

An acidic salt (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key distinction between a conjugate acid and a conjugate base according to the Bronsted-Lowry theory?

Conjugate acids donate protons, and conjugate bases are formed after an acid loses a proton. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately compares the boiling points of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes?

Alkynes have higher boiling points than alkanes, while alkenes have lower boiling points than alkanes, due to molecular mass and area for interaction. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the structure of a tertiary alcohol?

The hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon atom bonded to three other carbon atoms. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct systematic name for a molecule containing a 4-carbon chain with a carbonyl group at the second carbon, and no other functional groups?

butan-2-one (B) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does increased branching have on the melting point of alkanes?

Increased branching decreases the surface area which can lead to more efficient packing that increases the melting point. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why might an alkane with an even number of carbon atoms have a higher melting point than one with an odd number?

Alkanes with even numbers of carbon atoms can pack more efficiently due to symmetry. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct systematic name of an organic molecule with the formula $CH_3CH_2CH(CH_3)CH_2OH$?

3-methylbutan-1-ol (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the primary safety concern associated with volatile organic substances?

They can release harmful gases that can be inhaled at room temperature. (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to IUPAC nomenclature rules, how would you name a molecule containing a carboxylic acid and a hydroxyl group?

List the hydroxyl group as a prefix and the carboxylic acid as the suffix. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How is a secondary amine structurally different from a primary amine?

A secondary amine has two alkyl groups bonded to the nitrogen atom, whereas a primary amine only has one (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct procedure for disposing of a halogenated organic waste?

Place in a dedicated halogenated waste container. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes an esterification reaction?

It is a condensation reaction involving a carboxylic acid and an alcohol, forming an ester and water. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical route for exposure to organic substances?

Injection via hypodermic needle. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which option is the correct description of a hydrogenation reaction?

The addition of hydrogen across a double or triple bond molecule in the presence of a catalyst. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of UV light in the reaction of alkanes with halogens?

It initiates the reaction by producing reactive free radicals. (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to Markovnikov's rule, when H-X is added across an alkene double bond, what determines where the hydrogen atom will most likely attach?

The hydrogen atom attaches to the carbon with the most pre existing hydrogen atoms. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is correct about the reactivity of alkenes and alkynes compared to alkanes?

Alkenes and alkynes are more reactive because they contain pi bonds with higher electron density. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction is required for an alkane to react with a halogen?

Substitution (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which catalyst is used when fully hydrogenating an alkyne?

Nickel, Platinum or Pd/C. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common characteristic of a haloalkane?

They can be produced via the halogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What condition is generally necessary for the hydration of an alkene?

A suitable acid catalyst and heat. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of increased electronegativity of a halogen in a haloalkane on its physical properties?

It increases the strength of any dipole-dipole forces. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Reversible reaction

A chemical reaction that can proceed in both the forward and reverse directions simultaneously, resulting in a state where the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal.

Cobalt (II) chloride hydration

A chemical reaction that occurs when a hydrated cobalt (II) chloride solution changes color based on temperature.

Dynamic equilibrium

A state of balance in a reversible reaction where the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, and the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant.

Static equilibrium

A state where the rate of the forward reaction is zero, and the rate of the reverse reaction is also zero. The system is at rest, and there is no change in the concentration of reactants or products.