Chemical Equilibrium

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What is a characteristic of reversible reactions?

They have a tendency to attain a state of equilibrium (correct)
They always release heat energy
They always involve strong acids and bases
They can proceed to completion

What is an example of a reversible reaction?

Neutralisation between strong acid and strong base
Neutralisation between an acid and a base either of which or both are weak (correct)
Thermal decomposition of PCl5
Redox reaction between SnCl2 and FeCl3

What is the significance of the sign ⇌ in a reaction?

It represents the yield of the reaction
It represents the reversibility of the reaction (correct)
It represents the rate of the reaction
It represents the irreversibility of the reaction

What is the characteristic of an irreversible reaction?

The free energy change is always less than zero (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an irreversible reaction?

Thermal decomposition of MnO2 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increasing temperature on the solubility of CaCl₂?

Solubility decreases (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of adding a catalyst on the equilibrium of a reaction?

Equilibrium remains unaffected (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition for no change in equilibrium when the pressure of the system is changed?

Δn = 0 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of removing NH₃ on the equilibrium of the Haber's process?

Equilibrium shifts to the right (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of high pressure on the equilibrium of the formation of nitrogen dioxide?

Equilibrium shifts to the right (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is an irreversible reaction?

A reaction in which entire amount of the reactants is converted into products (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of a reversible reaction?

The reaction proceeds in both forward and backward directions (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the concentration of reactants in a chemical reaction?

It decreases with time (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a reaction that occurs in a state of equilibrium?

The reaction is balancing forward and backward reactions (A) Signup and view all the answers

How are chemical reactions classified based on the extent to which they proceed?

Into two classes: reversible and irreversible reactions (B) Signup and view all the answers

At equilibrium, what is the relationship between the rate of the forward reaction and the rate of the reverse reaction?

The rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of multiplying a chemical equation by a coefficient on the equilibrium constant?

The equilibrium constant is raised to the power of the coefficient (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between Kp and Kc when Δn = 0?

Kp = Kc (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of Kp when Δn ≠ 0?

atm (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the equilibrium state in a closed vessel?

It is dynamic in nature (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous equilibrium reactions?

The phase of the reactants and products. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the concentration quotient (Q) in relation to the equilibrium constant (K)?

Q equals K when the reaction is at equilibrium. (C) Signup and view all the answers

If Q > K, what will happen to the reaction?

The reaction will proceed in the direction of reactants. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between Kp and Kc?

Kp and Kc are equal at equilibrium. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are the units of the equilibrium constant Kc?

Dimensionless. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the standard free energy change of a reaction and its equilibrium constant?

ΔG° = -2.303 RT log K (A) Signup and view all the answers

For a reaction aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD, what is the correct expression for the equilibrium constant K?

K = (aC)c (aD)d / (aA)a (aB)b (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of equilibrium constant Kc for a reaction aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD?

M^(c+d-a-b) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the equilibrium constants Kp and Kc for a reaction aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD?

Kp = Kc × (RT)^Δn (C) Signup and view all the answers

For a reaction at equilibrium, what is the condition for no change in equilibrium when the pressure of the system is changed?