Questions and Answers
What is the scale of acidity?
pH
What is H₃O⁺ commonly known as?
hydronium
What is formed from the reaction of an acid and a base?
salt
What is the procedure to determine the concentration of an acid or base?
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What type of acid consists of only two elements?
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What do you call a solution that resists changes in pH?
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What is a substance that forms hydronium ions in water according to Arrhenius?
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What happens when an acid dissolves in water?
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What changes color at the endpoint of titration?
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What is the reaction of an acid with a base called?
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According to Brønsted-Lowry, an acid is a ___ donor.
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What produces hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution according to Arrhenius?
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According to Brønsted-Lowry, a base is a proton ___.
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What can act as either an acid or a base?
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What are the pairs that differ only by a proton called?
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What is it called when equivalent amounts of H⁺ and OH⁻ have reacted in a titration?
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An acid with a small K₀ value would be a ___ acid.
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What is the reaction of an ion with H₂O to produce H⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) called?
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Study Notes
Acids and Bases Concepts
- pH Scale: Measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, with a range typically from 0 to 14.
- Hydronium Ion (H₃O⁺): The ion formed when an acid donates a proton to water; a key species in acid-base chemistry.
- Salt Formation: Result of the neutralization reaction between an acid and a base.
- Titration: A quantitative method to determine the concentration of an acid or base in a solution through controlled addition of a titrant.
Types of Acids and Bases
- Binary Acids: Acids composed of two elements, usually hydrogen and a non-metal (e.g., HCl).
- Buffer Solutions: Solutions that minimize changes in pH upon the addition of small amounts of acids or bases, essential for maintaining stable environments.
- Arrhenius Acid: Substances that release hydronium ions when dissolved in water.
- Ionization Process: The dissociation of an acid in water, leading to the formation of hydronium ions.
Chemical Reactions and Definitions
- Indicator: A substance that changes color at the endpoint of a titration, signaling the completion of the reaction.
- Neutralization Reaction: The process where an acid reacts with a base to form water and a salt, effectively reducing the pH to neutral.
Brønsted-Lowry Theory
- Proton Donor: An acid according to Brønsted-Lowry theory, characterized by its ability to donate protons (H⁺ ions).
- Proton Acceptor: A base in the Brønsted-Lowry system, which gains protons during reaction.
- Amphoteric Substances: Compounds that can function as either acids or bases depending on the context of the reaction.
Chemical Equilibrium Concepts
- Conjugate Pairs: Acid-base pairs that differ by one proton, illustrating the reversible nature of acid-base reactions.
- Titration Endpoint: Achieved when equivalent moles of H⁺ and OH⁻ have completely reacted, indicating that neutralization is complete.
Acid Strength
- Weak Acids: Acids with small equilibrium constants (K₀), illustrating limited dissociation in water.
- Hydrolysis Reaction: Interaction of an ion with water to produce H⁺ and OH⁻ ions, significant in various chemical and biological processes.
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Test your knowledge of acids and bases with this engaging crossword flashcard quiz. Each card covers key terms and definitions related to the chemistry of acids and bases. Perfect for students looking to enhance their understanding of this fundamental topic.
