Questions and Answers
According to the Arrhenius definitions of acids and bases, choose the bases from the list of acids and bases. Check all that apply.
In the reaction NH4+ + HPO42− → NH3 + H2PO4−, which is the Bronsted-Lowry acid?
NH4+
In the reaction NH4+ + HPO42− → NH3 + H2PO4−, which is the conjugate base?
H2PO4−
In the reaction HCO3− + H2S → H2CO3 + HS−, which is the Bronsted-Lowry base?
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In the reaction HCO3− + H2S → H2CO3 + HS−, which is the conjugate acid?
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Identify the Lewis base in this balanced equation.
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Identify the Lewis acid in this balanced equation.
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Explain how water behaves in this reaction. Which definition of acids and bases would you apply?
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Study Notes
Arrhenius Acids and Bases
- Arrhenius acids produce H⁺ ions in solution; bases produce OH⁻ ions.
- Identify bases from substances according to Arrhenius definitions.
Bronsted-Lowry Acid and Base Concept
- Bronsted-Lowry acids donate protons (H⁺); bases accept protons.
- In the reaction NH₄⁺ + HPO₄²⁻ → NH₃ + H₂PO₄⁻:
- NH₄⁺ acts as a Bronsted-Lowry acid by donating a proton.
Conjugate Bases
- A conjugate base is formed when an acid donates a proton.
- In the same reaction, the conjugate base of NH₄⁺ is NH₃.
Bronsted-Lowry Base Identification
- A Bronsted-Lowry base accepts a proton during a reaction.
- In the reaction HCO₃⁻ + H₂S → H₂CO₃ + HS⁻:
- HCO₃⁻ functions as the Bronsted-Lowry base by accepting a proton.
Conjugate Acids
- A conjugate acid is what remains after a base accepts a proton.
- In the reaction with HCO₃⁻, H₂CO₃ is identified as the conjugate acid.
Lewis Acids and Bases
- Lewis acids accept electron pairs; Lewis bases donate electron pairs.
- Identify Lewis bases and acids in chemical equations to understand their roles.
Water’s Role in Acid-Base Reactions
- Water can act as both an acid and a base depending on the reaction context.
- Evaluate which acid-base definition (Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, or Lewis) applies based on water's behavior in reactions.
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Description
Test your understanding of Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis definitions of acids and bases with this flashcard quiz. Explore different reactions and identify acids, bases, and their conjugates. Perfect for chemistry students looking to reinforce their knowledge.
