Acids and Bases Flashcards

Acids and Bases Study Notes

• An acid is classified as an electrolyte, capable of conducting electricity when dissolved in water.
• According to the Arrhenius definition, a base generates hydroxide ions (OH-) when in aqueous solution.
• In aqueous solutions, an H+ ion more accurately exists as a hydronium ion (H3O+).
• Substances that can function as either an acid or a base are termed amphoteric.
• A strong acid in solution is characterized by complete ionization, meaning it dissociates fully into its ions.
• The acid dissociation constant (Ka) quantifies the strength of a weak acid based on its equilibrium concentration of ions.
• When an acid reacts with a base in equal molar amounts, the products are water and a soluble salt.
• According to Bronsted-Lowry theory, an acid acts as a proton donor, transferring H+ ions to other substances.
• Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is classified as a diprotic acid, capable of donating two protons.
• A neutral solution is characterized by equal concentrations of hydronium and hydroxide ions, expressed as [H3O+] = [OH-].
• In pure water at 25°C, the concentration of hydroxide ions ([OH-]) is 1.0 x 10^-7 M.
• An acidic solution has a pH value that is lower than seven, indicating a higher concentration of hydronium ions.
• The product of the concentrations of H3O+ and OH- in water is known as Kw, the ion product constant for water.
• A drop in pH from 3 to 2 indicates that the concentration of H3O+ has increased by a factor of 10.
• Phenolphthalein serves as a common pH indicator, changing color based on pH levels.
• A buffer solution consists of either a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid, providing resistance to changes in pH.
• In titration, the end point, where the indicator changes color, should ideally coincide with the equivalence point, where the reactants are in stoichiometric proportions.
• The base ionization constant (Kb) determines the degree of ionization of a weak base in aqueous solution.
• A solution with a pOH of 8 is classified as acidic, with a corresponding relatively low pH.
• A buret is the apparatus used to precisely measure and dispense liquid in titrations.

This quiz features key concepts and definitions related to acids and bases. Test your knowledge on electrolytes, Arrhenius definitions, and amphoteric substances. Perfect for students studying chemistry fundamentals.