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Questions and Answers
The formula for lithium carbonate is Li2CO3.
True
The maximum charge of a monoatomic anion can be determined by subtracting 8 from its group number.
True
When naming monoatomic cations, the suffix '-ide' is added to the stem of the element.
False
The oxanion of phosphorus with the highest number of oxygen atoms is named phosphide.
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The ion fluoride carries a charge of F–.
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Hydrogenphosphate is represented by the formula HPO42–.
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The nitrate ion has the chemical formula NO2–.
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Sulfite is indicated by the chemical formula SO42–.
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Hydrochloric acid corresponds to the compound represented by HCl.
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Ammonium is denoted by the formula NH4–.
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The empirical formula of ascorbic acid is C3H4O3.
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Dihydrogen monoxide is a chemical name for sulfuric acid.
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Vitamin C contains 54.5% oxygen in its mass percentage composition.
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Dihydrogen monoxide can cause severe burns in its solid state.
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The molecular formula of Vitamin C is C6H8O6.
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Nathan Zohner's experiment showed that most people were knowledgeable about dihydrogen monoxide.
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Cations are typically positively charged ions.
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The systematic name for Na+ is sodium ion.
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The major component of acid rain is actually dihydrogen monoxide.
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The characteristic charge number for Group II elements is +3.
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The Stock number is used to differentiate between ions of the same element when they have different charges.
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Mercury(I) ion has the chemical formula Hg2+.
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Cobalt(III) has an older nomenclature name of cobaltous.
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Group III metals always have a characteristic charge of +1.
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Fe2+ is referred to as ferrous and is also known by its systematic name iron(II).
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Tin(IV) ion corresponds to the old name stannous.
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H2SO3 is named sulfuric acid.
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The formula for hypochlorous acid is HClO.
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The oxoacid corresponding to chlorate is HClO3.
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The naming of CuCl involves the inclusion of a prefix to denote the number of chloride ions.
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Al2O3 is commonly referred to as aluminum trioxide.
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CaCO3 is known as calcium carbonate.
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The compound MnO2 is referred to as manganese(IV) oxide.
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Bromic acid has the formula HBrO3.
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The formula Na2MoO4 corresponds to sodium dichromate.
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K3C6H5O7 is the formula for potassium citrate.
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Study Notes
Compound
- A compound is a substance made up of atoms from two or more elements in a fixed ratio.
Empirical Formula
- Represents the simplest whole-number ratio of elements within a compound.
- Example: Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) has an empirical formula of C3H4O3. This means for every 3 carbon atoms, there are 4 hydrogen atoms and 3 oxygen atoms.
Molecular Formula
- Displays the actual number of atoms of each element present in a single molecule of the compound.
- Example: Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) has a molecular formula of C6H8O6. This means the molecule contains 6 carbon atoms, 8 hydrogen atoms, and 6 oxygen atoms.
Inorganic Chemical Nomenclature – Cations
- Metallic elements: To name a cation, add "ion" to the element name. For example, Na+ is called sodium ion.
- Group I, II, and III elements: The group number indicates the element's maximum positive charge.
- Group IV and transition metals: These elements exhibit variable charges.
- Stock number: Used to distinguish between ions of the same element with different charges. For example, Cu+ is copper(I) ion, and Cu2+ is copper(II) ion.
Cations
- Group I: Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+
- Group II: Be2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+
- Transition metals: Fe2+, Fe3+, Cu+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Ag+, Cd2+, Au+, Au3+
- Group III: Al3+, Ga3+, In+, In3+, Tl+, Tl3+
- Group IV: Sn2+, Sn4+, Pb2+, Pb4+
Ions and Ionic Compounds – Anions
- Anions: Negatively charged ions formed by gaining electrons.
- Nonmetallic elements: Characteristically form anions.
- Maximum negative charge: The maximum charge of a monoatomic anion is determined by subtracting 8 from the group number of the element.
- Naming monoatomic anions: Add " -ide" to the element's stem. For example, F- is called fluoride.
Ions and Ionic Compounds – Oxanions
- Oxanions contain oxygen and one or more other elements.
-
Names:
- Add "-ate" to the stem of the non-oxygen element's name.
- Add "-ite" for an oxanion with one less oxygen atom than its "-ate" counterpart.
Acid Nomenclature
-
Hydrogen halides:
- HCl (hydrogen chloride) in aqueous solution is called hydrochloric acid.
- HBr (hydrogen bromide) in aqueous solution is called hydrobromic acid.
-
Oxoacids:
- Replace "-ate" with "-ic acid."
- Replace "-ite" with "-ous acid".
Naming Ionic Compounds
- Order: "Cation" (followed by) "Anion" with "ion" omitted.
- Prefixes: Not used in the systematic nomenclature of ionic compounds because the cation charges determine the number of anions.
Multi-Vitamin Preparations
- Common ingredients:
- CaHPO4 (calcium hydrogen phosphate)
- CaCO3 (calcium carbonate)
- MgO (magnesium oxide)
- ZnO (zinc oxide)
- MnSO4 (manganese sulfate)
- CuSO4 (copper sulfate)
- CrCl3 (chromium(III) chloride)
- Na2MoO4 (sodium molybdate)
- KI (potassium iodide)
- Na2SeO4 (sodium selenate)
Infant Formula
- Common ingredients:
- Ca3(PO4)2 (calcium phosphate)
- K3C6H5O7 (potassium citrate)
- NaCl (sodium chloride)
- MgCl2 (magnesium chloride)
- KCl (potassium chloride)
- FeSO4 (iron (II) sulfate)
- ZnSO4 (zinc sulfate)
- CuSO4 (copper sulfate)
- KI (potassium iodide)
- KOH (potassium hydroxide)
- Na2SeO4 (sodium selenate)
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts in chemistry related to compounds, including empirical and molecular formulas. Additionally, it explores the nomenclature of inorganic cations, highlighting the naming conventions for different metallic elements. Test your knowledge on these fundamental topics in chemistry!
