Chemistry Chapter on Atomic Structure and Compounds
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Questions and Answers

What happens to the motion of particles when the temperature increases?

  • Particles stop moving
  • Motion of particles remains the same
  • Motion of particles increases (correct)
  • Motion of particles decreases

    • All particles of one type of matter are different from one another.

    False

    What is the charge of neutrons?

    neutral

    The number of protons in an atom's nucleus is known as the __________.

    <p>atomic number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following particles with their charges:

    <p>Electrons = Negative Protons = Positive Neutrons = Neutral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is atomic mass defined as?

    <p>The number of protons and neutrons combined</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a sodium atom has 11 protons, what is its atomic number?

    <p>11</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct name for the compound SO₂?

    <p>Sulphur dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The prefix 'tri' denotes three atoms in a compound.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the compound PCl₅?

    <p>Phosphorus pentachloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The compound NaF is called __________.

    <p>Sodium fluoride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct naming for the compound CO?

    <p>Carbon monoxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following compounds with their correct names:

    <p>KBr = Potassium bromide MgO = Magnesium oxide Li₃N = Lithium nitride BeF₂ = Beryllium fluoride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All ionic compounds end with '-ide'.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name given to the compound N₂O₄?

    <p>Dinitrogen tetroxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Atoms combine in order to become more __________.

    <p>stable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which prefix indicates the presence of four atoms in a molecular compound?

    <p>Tetra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about metals is true?

    <p>Mixtures of metals are called alloys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hydrogen can share its electrons to form a full outer orbit with other hydrogen atoms.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do you add to the end of the last element name when naming ionic compounds?

    <p>-ide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a Bohr-Rutherford diagram for fluorine, the atomic number is ______.

    <p>9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following elements with their atomic structure details:

    <p>Fluorine = 9 protons, 10 neutrons, 9 electrons Phosphorous = 15 protons, 16 neutrons, 15 electrons Hydrogen = 1 proton, 0 neutrons, 1 electron Carbon = 6 protons, 6 neutrons, 6 electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property do elements in the same vertical column of the periodic table share?

    <p>Chemical and physical properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Noble gases do not react with other atoms due to having non-filled outer shells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed when an atom gains or loses electrons?

    <p>Ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A sodium ion typically has a charge of __.

    <p>+1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following ions with their charge:

    <p>Sodium = +1 charge Chlorine = -1 charge Potassium = +1 charge Oxygen = -2 charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to electrons in an atom when energy is added?

    <p>They jump to a higher energy level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The outer electrons of alkali metals are located in the innermost shell.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes when an electron returns to its original energy level and emits light?

    <p>Ground state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The charged ion formed when an atom gains electrons is called an __.

    <p>anion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about electrons that orbit farther from the nucleus?

    <p>They have higher energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements is considered a Noble Gas?

    <p>Neon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All alkali metals are found in Group 2 of the periodic table.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for water?

    <p>H₂O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The number of diatomic elements totals _____ within the periodic table.

    <p>seven</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following groups with their characteristics:

    <p>Alkali Metals = Highly reactive, soft and shiny Noble Gases = Stable, colorless, odorless Halogens = Very reactive and can be poisonous Alkaline Earth Metals = Less reactive than alkali metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes a molecular compound?

    <p>A molecule containing two or more different elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hydrogen is found in Group 1 alongside the other alkali metals.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a molecular element?

    <p>N₂</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Molecular elements consist of atoms of the _____ element.

    <p>same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Particle Model of Matter

    • Matter is made up of tiny particles.
    • Particles in matter are in motion.
    • Increasing temperature increases the amount of particle motion.
    • Particles in matter are attracted to each other.
    • Attractions between particles are stronger when particles are closer together.
    • Particles in matter are separated by empty space.
    • All particles of the same type of matter are the same.
    • Different types of matter are made of different particles.

    Structure of the Atom

    • Atoms are made up of three particles: electrons, protons, and neutrons.
    • Electrons orbit the nucleus (center of the atom).
    • Electrons are negatively charged.
    • Protons are found in the nucleus.
    • Protons are positively charged.
    • Neutrons are found in the nucleus.
    • Neutrons are neutral (no charge).
    • Elements on the periodic table are ordered by atomic number.
    • Atomic number is the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
    • Atomic mass is the number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.
    • The number of neutrons can be calculated by subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass.
    • The number of electrons equals the number of protons.

    The Atom (Continued)

    • Atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
    • An atom's atomic mass is the sum of its protons and neutrons.
    • An atom has a neutral charge when the number of protons equals the number of electrons.

    Periodic Table Patterns

    • Elements in the same column of the periodic table have similar physical and chemical properties.
    • These columns are called groups or families.
    • The periodic table is organized by atomic number (number of protons in the atom).
    • Elements are arranged into rows (periods) based on the electron configuration of their atoms.
    • Elements on the left side of the table are metals.
    • Elements on the right side of the table are nonmetals.
    • Metalloids have properties of both metals and non-metals, and are located on a line dividing the metals and nonmetals in the periodic table.

    Putting Atoms Together

    • Most substances are made up of molecules, which are formed when atoms chemically join together.
    • Chemical formulas show the types and numbers of atoms in a molecule.
    • Molecular elements are molecules containing atoms of the same element.
    • Molecular compounds are molecules containing two or more different elements.

    Naming Molecular Compounds

    • Molecular compounds are named using prefixes to indicate the number of atoms of each element present in the molecule.
    • Prefixes: Mono (1), Di (2), Tri (3), Tetra (4), Penta (5).

    Naming Ionic Compounds

    • Ionic compounds are formed when a metal combines with a nonmetal.
    • In ionic compounds, the metal loses electrons to form a positive ion, and the nonmetal gains electrons to form a negative ion.
    • Ionic compounds are named by listing the name of the metal cation first followed by the name of the nonmetal anion with the suffix '-ide'.

    Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams

    • Bohr-Rutherford diagrams are used to represent the structure of atoms.
    • Diagrams show the location of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
    • Diagrams show the arrangement of electrons in electron shells or energy levels outside the nucleus.
    • In the first energy level, there are a maximum of two electrons.
    • The maximum numbers of electrons in the succeeding energy levels are eight.

    Producing light

    • When atoms are exposed to energy (e.g., heat, electricity), electrons 'jump' to a higher energy level and are said to be in an excited state.
    • Electrons return to their original lower energy level, called the ground state.
    • The 'jump' from excited state to ground state releases energy as light.
    • Different elements produce different colors of light because the atoms have different electron arrangements.

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    Description

    This quiz explores fundamental concepts in chemistry, including the behavior of particles at varying temperatures, atomic structure, and chemical nomenclature. Test your knowledge on atomic mass, charge of particles, and the naming of various chemical compounds. It's designed for those studying general chemistry concepts.

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