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Questions and Answers
Which of the following statements accurately describe an ionic compound?
Which of the following statements accurately describe an ionic compound?
- It contains a cation and an anion. (correct)
- It is made up of only non-metals.
- It is always a liquid at room temperature.
- Electrons are shared between atoms.
What is a characteristic of molecular compounds?
What is a characteristic of molecular compounds?
- They are always solid at room temperature.
- They form crystals like ionic compounds.
- They contain metal cations.
- They are composed only of non-metals. (correct)
What do we call the general term that describes a unit of matter, which can include atoms or molecules?
What do we call the general term that describes a unit of matter, which can include atoms or molecules?
- Particle (correct)
- Element
- Compound
- Atom
Why do elements tend to lose, gain, or share electrons?
Why do elements tend to lose, gain, or share electrons?
Which of the following compounds is an example of a molecular compound?
Which of the following compounds is an example of a molecular compound?
Flashcards
Atom
Atom
The smallest unit of matter; they are the building blocks of everything around us.
Molecule
Molecule
A particle made up of two or more atoms, which can be the same or different.
Element
Element
A substance made up of only one type of atom.
Compound
Compound
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Ionic Compound
Ionic Compound
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Study Notes
Matter and its Composition
- Matter is anything with mass and volume.
- Examples of non-matter are light and electricity.
- Examples of atomic elements include aluminum, copper, oxygen, and carbon.
- Examples of molecular elements include O2, H2, and N2.
- Examples of ionic compounds include NaCl (salt) and Ca3N2 (calcium nitrate).
- Examples of molecular compounds include CO2, CO (carbon monoxide), H2O, and C6H12O6 (glucose).
Basic Units of Matter
- Atoms are the smallest unit of matter (e.g., helium).
- A particle is a general term for a unit of matter (e.g., a proton).
- A molecule is a particle composed of two or more atoms (e.g., CO2). Atoms can be the same or different.
- An element is a particle made of the same type of atom (e.g., O2).
- A compound is made of two or more different types of atoms (e.g., NaCl (ionic), H2O (molecular).
Types of Compounds
- Ionic Compounds:
- Formed from a cation and an anion (often a metal and a non-metal).
- Example: NaCl (sodium chloride).
- Bond type: ionic (one atom loses electrons, the other gains; opposite charges attract).
- Properties: Usually soluble in water, form crystals, and are hard and brittle.
- Molecular Compounds:
- Formed from non-metals or metalloids.
- Example: CO (carbon monoxide), H2O.
- Bond type: molecular (electrons are shared).
- Properties: Often gases or liquids at room temperature; when solid, they are usually malleable, and tend to have low solubility.
Lewis Dot Diagrams
- Lewis dot diagrams show the chemical symbol and valence electrons of an element.
- They help illustrate how compounds form.
- Valence electrons are lost, gained (ionic), or shared (molecular).
Stability of Elements
- Elements achieve stability by having a full valence shell (often 8 electrons).
- This rule is known as the octet rule.
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