Chemistry Chapter 1: Density and Mass of Platinum Quiz and Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes an element from a compound?

Its composition of atoms of two or more elements (correct)

Its ability to be separated by physical means

Its ability to be separated by chemical means

Its existence as a solid, liquid, or gas

Which of the following is an example of a physical change?

The decomposition of ammonia

The melting of ice in water (correct)

The combustion of gasoline

The rusting of iron

What is the main difference between the properties of a gas and a solid?

The arrangement of molecules

The volume of the substance

The shape of the substance

The intermolecular forces between molecules (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a compound?

Can be separated by physical means Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of hydrogen burning in air?

Formation of water Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a mixture and a compound?

The ability to be separated by physical means Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?

The burning of gasoline Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between mass and weight?

Mass is the quantity of matter, while weight is the force of gravity on an object Signup and view all the answers

What is the SI unit of volume?

Cubic meter (m³) Signup and view all the answers

What is the density of the piece of platinum metal?

21.5 g/cm³ Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass of the piece of platinum metal?

96.05 g Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an intensive property of a material?

Temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the field of chemistry?

The study of matter and the changes it undergoes Signup and view all the answers

What is a hypothesis in the scientific method?

A tentative explanation for a set of observations Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a substance?

It has a definite composition and uniform properties Signup and view all the answers

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

A combination of two or more substances with a non-uniform composition Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a law in chemistry?

Force = mass x acceleration Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of matter?

Anything that occupies space and has mass Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of m in the equation d = m x V, given that d = 21.5 g/cm3 and V = 4.49 cm3?

96.5 g Signup and view all the answers

What is the temperature in Celsius of 212°F?

100°C Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of atoms in 12g of carbon, approximately?

6.022 x 10^23 Signup and view all the answers

What is the conversion of 1 lb in Newtons, approximately?

4.45 N Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass of a single carbon atom in grams, approximately?

1.99 x 10^-23 Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of x in the equation F = 9/5 × C + 32, given that F = 172.9°F?

78.3°C Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Physical Means of Separation

Physical means can be used to separate a mixture into its pure components
Examples of physical means include distillation and magnets

Elements

An element is a substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means
114 elements have been identified, with 82 occurring naturally on Earth and 32 created by scientists
Examples of elements include gold, aluminum, lead, oxygen, and carbon

Compounds

A compound is a substance composed of atoms of two or more elements chemically united in fixed proportions
Compounds can only be separated into their pure components (elements) by chemical means
Examples of compounds include water (H2O), glucose (C6H12O6), and ammonia (NH3)

The Three States of Matter

The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas
Physical state properties of the three states of matter:
- Solid: fixed volume and shape, particles are closely packed and have low kinetic energy
- Liquid: fixed volume, takes shape of container, particles are close together and have moderate kinetic energy
- Gas: variable volume, takes volume of container, particles are far apart and have high kinetic energy

Physical and Chemical Changes

A physical change does not alter the composition or identity of a substance
A chemical change alters the composition or identity of the substance(s) involved

Extensive and Intensive Properties

An extensive property of a material depends on how much matter is being considered
Examples of extensive properties include mass, length, and volume
An intensive property of a material does not depend on how much matter is being considered
Examples of intensive properties include density, temperature, and color

Matter

Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass
The SI unit of mass is the kilogram (kg)
Weight is the force that gravity exerts on an object

International System of Units (SI)

The SI derived unit for volume is the cubic meter (m3)
1 cm3 = (1 x 10-2 m)3 = 1 x 10-6 m3
1 dm3 = (1 x 10-1 m)3 = 1 x 10-3 m3
1 L = 1000 mL = 1000 cm3 = 1 dm3

Density

The SI derived unit for density is kg/m3
Density formula: mass density = volume (m d= V)
Example problem: A piece of platinum metal with a density of 21.5 g/cm3 has a volume of 4.49 cm3. What is its mass?

Chemistry: A Science for the 21st Century

Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes
Chemistry is important in various fields, including health and medicine, materials and technology, food and agriculture, and energy and the environment

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Chemistry Chapter 1