Chemistry Chapter 1 Review: Matter and Change
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Questions and Answers

What type of mixture is iron ore?

  • Homogeneous
  • Physical
  • Heterogeneous (correct)
  • Chemical

    • What type of mixture is quartz?

    Homogeneous

    What type of mixture is granite?

    Heterogeneous

    What type of mixture is an energy drink?

    <p>Homogeneous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mixture is oil-and-vinegar salad dressing?

    <p>Homogeneous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mixture is salt?

    <p>Homogeneous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mixture is rainwater?

    <p>Homogeneous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mixture is nitrogen?

    <p>Homogeneous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is happening during ice melting?

    <p>Physical change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is happening during paper burning?

    <p>Chemical change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is happening during metal rusting?

    <p>Chemical change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when gas pressure increases?

    <p>Physical change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when liquid evaporates?

    <p>Physical change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during food digesting?

    <p>Chemical change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the differences between physical and chemical changes?

    <p>A chemical change involves a rearrangement in a substance to form substances with different physical properties. A physical change can change the state of a substance but will not change its composition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are mass and matter?

    <p>All substances are made of matter. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an atom compound?

    <p>All matter is composed of atoms, which are the smallest units of an element that retain the properties of that element. Atoms can come together to form compounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are physical and chemical properties?

    <p>Physical properties are unique for a particular substance and include color, density, melting point, and boiling point. Chemical properties relate to how a substance interacts with another substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a homogeneous mixture and a heterogeneous mixture?

    <p>A homogeneous mixture has a uniform composition. A heterogeneous mixture is not uniform.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table called?

    <p>Period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol for the element in period 2 group 13?

    <p>B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are elements that are good conductors of heat and electricity called?

    <p>Metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are elements that are poor conductors of heat and electricity called?

    <p>Nonmetals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a vertical column of elements in the periodic table called?

    <p>Group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ability of a substance to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets called?

    <p>Malleability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is an element that is soft and easy to cut cleanly with a knife likely to be a metal or nonmetal?

    <p>Metal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the elements in group 18 that are generally unreactive called?

    <p>Noble gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At room temperature, what is the state of most metals?

    <p>Solids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name three characteristics of most nonmetals.

    <p>They are brittle, are poor conductors of heat and electricity, and have low melting points.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name three characteristics of metals.

    <p>They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity, and they have a metallic luster.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name three characteristics of most metalloids.

    <p>They are semiconductors of electricity, solid at room temperature, and less malleable than metals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name two characteristics of noble gases.

    <p>They are in the gas state at room temperature and are generally unreactive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do elements of the same group in the periodic table have in common?

    <p>Elements of the same group share similar chemical properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Within the same period of the periodic table, how do the properties of elements close to each other compare with the properties of elements far from each other?

    <p>The properties of elements that are close to each other in the same period tend to be more similar than the properties of the elements that are far apart. Physical and chemical properties change somewhat regularly across a period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How would you use the periodic table to choose a likely substance?

    <p>You would consider an element of the same vertical column, or group, because elements in the same group have similar chemical properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a family of elements and elements in the same period?

    <p>A family is another name for a group, or elements in the same vertical column. Elements in the same period are in the same horizontal row.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol for Aluminum?

    <p>Al</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol for Calcium?

    <p>Ca</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol for Manganese?

    <p>Mn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol for Nickel?

    <p>Ni</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol for Potassium?

    <p>K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol for Cobalt?

    <p>Co</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol for Silver?

    <p>Ag</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol for Hydrogen?

    <p>H</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Matter Types and Mixtures

    • Iron ore and granite are classified as heterogeneous mixtures, meaning their composition is not uniform.
    • Quartz and nitrogen represent homogeneous mixtures with a uniform composition.
    • Energy drinks, oil-and-vinegar salad dressing, salt, and rainwater are all considered homogeneous substances due to their consistent makeup.

    Physical and Chemical Changes

    • Ice melting and gas pressure increasing are examples of physical changes, where the substance's composition remains unchanged.
    • Paper burning, metal rusting, and food digesting are chemical changes, resulting in the formation of new substances with different properties.
    • A chemical change involves a rearrangement of molecules, altering the substance's physical properties, whereas a physical change does not affect its chemical composition.

    Essential Concepts of Mass and Atoms

    • Matter encompasses all substances, and mass quantifies the amount of matter present.
    • All matter consists of atoms, which are the smallest units of an element. Atoms can combine to form compounds.

    Properties of Matter

    • Physical properties are characteristics such as color, density, melting point, and boiling point.
    • Chemical properties describe how substances interact with one another.

    Elements and the Periodic Table

    • A period in the periodic table represents a horizontal row of elements.
    • Elements in group 13, period 2 is represented by B (Boron).
    • Metals are efficient conductors of heat and electricity, whereas nonmetals are poor conductors.
    • A group refers to a vertical column of elements in the periodic table.

    Characteristics of Elements

    • Malleability is the property that allows substances to be hammered into thin sheets.
    • Noble gases are found in group 18, known for their general inactivity.
    • Most metals are solid at room temperature and display properties such as being malleable, ductile, and having a metallic luster.
    • Nonmetals tend to be brittle, have poor conductivity, and exhibit low boiling and melting points.
    • Metalloids have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals—being semiconductors, solid at room temperature, and less malleable than metals.
    • Elements within the same group share similar chemical properties, which aids in predicting behavior and reactivity.
    • Physical and chemical properties of elements tend to vary regularly across a period, meaning elements close to each other exhibit more similar characteristics.
    • Selecting elements for new material manufacturing should involve choosing elements from the same group, ensuring similar chemical behaviors.

    Differences Between Element Families

    • Families (groups) are vertical columns with similar properties, while elements in the same period are arranged horizontally and may differ significantly in properties.

    Element Symbols

    • Aluminum (Al), Calcium (Ca), Manganese (Mn), Nickel (Ni), Potassium (K), Cobalt (Co), Silver (Ag), and Hydrogen (H) each have distinct symbols on the periodic table that represent their elements.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the different types of matter with this flashcard quiz focusing on Chapter 1 of Chemistry. Learn how to differentiate between heterogeneous and homogeneous substances through various examples. Perfect for revision or a quick study session.

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