Chemistry Chapter 1 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is matter?

  • A type of energy
  • A chemical reaction
  • A process of change
  • Anything that has mass and takes up space (correct)

    • What is chemistry?

    Study of the composition of matter and the changes that matter undergoes.

    What are the 5 traditional areas in chemistry?

    Organic, inorganic, biochemistry, analytical, and physical chemistry.

    What is organic chemistry?

    <p>Study of all chemicals containing carbon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is inorganic chemistry?

    <p>Study of chemicals that don't contain carbon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is biochemistry?

    <p>The study of substances and processes occurring in living things.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is analytical chemistry?

    <p>The area of chemistry that focuses on the composition of matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is physical chemistry?

    <p>The area that deals with the mechanism, the rate, and the energy transfer that occurs when matter undergoes a change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is pure chemistry?

    <p>The pursuit of chemical knowledge for its own sake.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is applied chemistry?

    <p>Research that is directed toward a practical goal or application.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are three general reasons to study chemistry?

    <p>Useful in explaining the natural world, preparing people for career opportunities, makes you an informed citizen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is technology in the context of chemistry?

    <p>Means by which society provides for its members with those things needed and desired.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some outcomes of modern research in chemistry?

    <p>Can lead to technology that aims to benefit the environment, conserve and produce energy, improve human life, and expand our knowledge of the universe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Lavoisier help to transform chemistry?

    <p>From a science of observation to the science of measurement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the steps in the scientific method?

    <p>Making observations, proposing &amp; testing hypotheses, conclusion, developing theory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scientific method?

    <p>A logical, systematic approach to the solution of a scientific problem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is observation?

    <p>Information obtained through the senses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hypothesis?

    <p>Proposed explanation for an observation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an experiment?

    <p>A procedure that tests if a hypothesis is true or false.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an independent variable?

    <p>The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a dependent variable?

    <p>The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a model?

    <p>Representations of an object or event.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a theory?

    <p>Well tested explanation for a broad set of observations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a scientific law?

    <p>A concise statement that summarizes the results of many observations and experiments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do collaboration and communication play in science?

    <p>Facilitating research advancements and sharing crucial findings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Chemistry

    • Matter: Any substance with mass that occupies space.
    • Chemistry: The scientific study focused on the composition of matter and its transformations.

    Areas of Chemistry

    • Five Traditional Areas:
      • Organic Chemistry: Focuses on carbon-containing compounds.
      • Inorganic Chemistry: Studies compounds that do not contain carbon.
      • Biochemistry: Examines chemical processes in living organisms.
      • Analytical Chemistry: Analyzes the composition and properties of substances.
      • Physical Chemistry: Investigates the physical principles underlying chemical systems.

    Types of Chemistry

    • Pure Chemistry: Involves seeking knowledge for its own merit without a specific application in mind.
    • Applied Chemistry: Research aimed at practical applications or solutions to real-world problems.

    Importance of Studying Chemistry

    • Explains natural phenomena and processes.
    • Prepares individuals for various career paths in science and technology.
    • Cultivates informed citizenship by enhancing understanding of scientific issues.

    Role of Technology in Society

    • Technology is employed to fulfill societal needs for goods and services.

    Contributions of Modern Chemistry Research

    • Aims to develop technologies to:
      • Benefit the environment.
      • Conserve and produce energy.
      • Enhance human health and quality of life.
      • Broaden our understanding of the universe.

    Historical Influence on Chemistry

    • Antoine Lavoisier: Transformed chemistry by introducing measurement techniques, moving it from descriptive to quantitative analysis.

    Scientific Methodology

    • Steps in the Scientific Method:
      • Observe: Gather information through sensory experience.
      • Hypothesize: Formulate an explanation based on observations.
      • Experiment: Conduct tests to validate or invalidate the hypothesis.
      • Conclude: Analyze the data and derive conclusions.
      • Develop Theory: Formulate a well-supported explanation based on repeated testing.

    Components of Scientific Research

    • Observation: Understanding phenomena through sensory data.
    • Hypothesis: A testable prediction explaining observed facts.
    • Experiment: A methodical procedure testing the validity of a hypothesis.
    • Variables:
      • Independent Variable: The factor manipulated in an experiment.
      • Dependent Variable: The outcome measured in response to changes in the independent variable.
    • Model: A conceptual or physical representation explaining or predicting behaviors in a system.

    Concepts in Scientific Understanding

    • Theory: A comprehensive explanation derived from extensive testing and observations.
    • Scientific Law: A concise summary of consistent observations and experimental results, typically expressed mathematically.

    Collaborative Nature of Science

    • Collaboration and communication are essential for sharing research findings and advances in scientific understanding.

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    Description

    Explore the basics of chemistry with these flashcards covering key terms and definitions. This quiz will introduce you to fundamental concepts such as matter and the five traditional areas in chemistry. Perfect for beginners looking to strengthen their understanding of chemistry fundamentals.

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