Chemistry Chapter 1 Flashcards

Matter and Chemistry Fundamentals

• Matter: Anything that possesses mass and occupies space.
• Chemistry: The exploration of matter's composition and the transformations it undergoes.

Branches of Chemistry

• Organic Chemistry: Focuses on carbon-containing compounds.
• Inorganic Chemistry: Studies substances generally devoid of carbon.
• Biochemistry: Investigates biological processes within organisms.
• Analytical Chemistry: Concentrates on determining matter's composition.
• Physical Chemistry: Examines mechanisms, rates, and energy transfers during chemical changes.

Types of Chemistry Pursuits

• Pure Chemistry: Engages in the pursuit of chemical knowledge for intellectual curiosity.
• Applied Chemistry: Involves practical research aimed at specific applications.

Technology and Society

• Technology: Encompasses the tools and methods societies develop to meet needs and desires.

Observational Concepts

• Microscopic: Describes objects that require magnification to be visible.
• Pollutant: Refers to harmful materials present in air, water, or soil affecting organisms.

Scientific Inquiry

• Scientific Method: Systematic approach for addressing scientific problems.
• Observation: Utilization of senses to gather information.
• Hypothesis: A tentative explanation formulated based on observations.
• Experiment: A structured process to test a hypothesis.

Variables in Experiments

• Manipulated Variable (Independent Variable): The variable intentionally altered in an experiment.
• Responding Variable (Dependent Variable): The variable measured to assess changes influenced by the manipulated variable.

Theories and Laws

• Theory: A robust and tested explanation covering a wide range of observations.
• Scientific Law: A succinct statement summarizing the outcomes of numerous observations and experiments.

Problem-Solving in Chemistry

• Numerical Word Problem: Involves the process of analyzing, calculating, and evaluating.
• Conceptual Word Problem: Entails analysis and resolution of scientific concepts.

Perspectives on Scale

• Macroscopic World: Describes large objects that can be viewed without magnification.