Chemistry Chapter 1 Test Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of chemistry?

The study of the universe

The study of composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes it undergoes (correct)

The study of physics

The study of living organisms

What is a chemical?

Any substance that has a definite composition.

What is mass?

A measure of the amount of matter.

What is matter?

Anything that has a mass and takes up space. Signup and view all the answers

What is volume?

The amount of three-dimensional space an object occupies. Signup and view all the answers

What is an atom?

The smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element. Signup and view all the answers

What is an element?

A pure substance made of only one kind of atom. Signup and view all the answers

What is a compound?

A substance made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded. Signup and view all the answers

What are molecules?

Groups of two or more covalently bonded atoms. Signup and view all the answers

What is a property?

A characteristic that defines an entire group of substances. Signup and view all the answers

What is an extensive property?

A property that depends on the amount of matter that is present. Signup and view all the answers

What is an intensive property?

A property that does not depend on the amount of matter present. Signup and view all the answers

What is a physical property?

A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance. Signup and view all the answers

What is a physical change?

A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance. Signup and view all the answers

What is a change of state?

A physical change of a substance from one state to another. Signup and view all the answers

What is a solid?

A state of matter that has a definite volume and a definite shape. Signup and view all the answers

What is a liquid?

A state of matter that has a definite volume but an indefinite shape. Signup and view all the answers

What is a gas?

A state of matter that has neither a definite volume nor a definite shape. Signup and view all the answers

What is a chemical property?

Relates to a substance's ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances. Signup and view all the answers

What is a chemical change?

A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances. Signup and view all the answers

What are reactants?

The substances that react in a chemical change. Signup and view all the answers

What are products?

The substances that are formed as a result of a chemical change. Signup and view all the answers

What is energy?

The ability to do work; all physical and chemical changes are accompanied by energy changes. Signup and view all the answers

What is a mixture?

A blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties. Signup and view all the answers

What is a homogeneous mixture?

A mixture that is uniform in composition. Signup and view all the answers

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

A mixture that is not uniform throughout. Signup and view all the answers

What is a pure substance?

A homogeneous material with a fixed composition. Signup and view all the answers

What is a group or family in the periodic table?

A vertical column on the periodic table. Signup and view all the answers

What is a period in the periodic table?

A horizontal row on the periodic table. Signup and view all the answers

What are metals?

Elements that are shiny, ductile, malleable, and good conductors of heat and electricity. Signup and view all the answers

What are nonmetals?

Elements that are brittle, dull, and poor conductors of heat and electricity. Signup and view all the answers

What is a metalloid?

Elements that have some characteristics of metals and some characteristics of nonmetals. Signup and view all the answers

What are noble gases?

The elements in group 18 of the periodic table. Signup and view all the answers

What is a precipitate?

A solid that is formed in a solution as the result of a chemical reaction. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Concepts in Chemistry

Chemistry: Study of the composition, structure, properties of matter, and changes it undergoes.
Chemical: Any substance with a definite composition.
Mass: Measurement of the amount of matter in a substance.
Matter: Any material that has mass and occupies space.
Volume: Amount of three-dimensional space occupied by an object.

Fundamental Particles and Substances

Atom: Smallest unit of an element that retains its properties.
Element: Pure substance consisting solely of one type of atom.
Compound: Substances formed from two or more elements chemically bonded together.
Molecules: Groups of two or more atoms covalently bonded.

Properties of Matter

Property: Characteristic defining a group of substances.
Extensive Property: Depends on the amount of matter present.
Intensive Property: Does not depend on the amount of matter present.
Physical Property: Observable or measurable characteristics without changing substance identity.
Chemical Property: Relates to a substance's ability to undergo chemical changes.

Changes in Matter

Physical Change: Change in a substance that does not alter its identity.
Change of State: Physical change transitioning between states (solid, liquid, gas).
Chemical Change: Transformation of substances into different substances.

States of Matter

Solid: Definite shape and volume.
Liquid: Definite volume but takes the shape of its container.
Gas: No definite shape or volume; fills available space.

Reaction Components

Reactants: Substances undergoing a chemical change.
Products: Substances resulting from a chemical change.

Energy in Chemistry

Energy: Capability to do work; linked to both physical and chemical changes.

Mixtures and Purity

Mixture: Combination of two or more types of matter, each retaining its properties.
Homogeneous Mixture: Uniform composition throughout.
Heterogeneous Mixture: Composition varies throughout.

Classification of Matter

Pure Substance: Homogeneous material with a fixed composition.
Group (Family): Vertical columns in the periodic table.
Period: Horizontal rows in the periodic table.

Elements Classification

Metals: Shiny, ductile, malleable elements, and good conductors.
Nonmetals: Brittle, dull elements that are poor conductors.
Metalloids: Elements with properties of both metals and nonmetals.
Noble Gases: Group 18 elements in the periodic table known for low reactivity.

Chemical Processes

Precipitate: Solid formed from a solution during a chemical reaction.

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Description

Prepare for your Chemistry Chapter 1 test with these flashcards. Each card defines essential terms related to the composition, structure, and properties of matter. Use these to reinforce your understanding of fundamental chemistry concepts.