Chemistry Branches

Branches of Chemistry

• Inorganic Chemistry: Study of inorganic compounds, such as minerals and salts.
• Organic Chemistry: Study of organic compounds, such as hydrocarbons and their derivatives.
• Physical Chemistry: Study of the physical properties and behavior of matter at the molecular and atomic level.
• Analytical Chemistry: Study of the analysis and identification of the chemical composition of substances.
• Biochemistry: Study of the chemical processes that occur within living organisms.

Atom

• Proton: Positively charged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom.
• Neutron: Neutral subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom.
• Electron: Negatively charged subatomic particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom.
• Atomic Number: Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the element.
• Atomic Mass: Total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

Chemical Bonding

• Covalent Bond: Chemical bond formed by sharing electrons between atoms.
• Ionic Bond: Chemical bond formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms.
• Polar Covalent Bond: Chemical bond formed by unequal sharing of electrons between atoms.

Chemical Reactions

• Chemical Equation: Symbolic representation of a chemical reaction, with reactants on the left and products on the right.
• Reactants: Substances that undergo a chemical change in a reaction.
• Products: Substances formed as a result of a chemical reaction.
• Catalyst: Substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed.

Acids and Bases

• Acid: Substance that donates a proton (H+ ion).
• Base: Substance that accepts a proton (H+ ion).
• pH: Measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution, with a pH of 7 being neutral.

Stoichiometry

• Mole: Unit of measurement for the amount of a substance, defined as 6.022 x 10^23 particles.
• Molar Mass: Mass of one mole of a substance, typically measured in grams per mole (g/mol).
• Stoichiometric Coefficient: Number that indicates the relative amount of a reactant or product in a chemical equation.

Branches of Chemistry

• Inorganic Chemistry studies inorganic compounds, including minerals and salts.
• Organic Chemistry focuses on organic compounds, including hydrocarbons and their derivatives.
• Physical Chemistry explores the physical properties and behavior of matter at the molecular and atomic level.
• Analytical Chemistry involves the analysis and identification of the chemical composition of substances.
• Biochemistry examines the chemical processes that occur within living organisms.

Atom

• Protons are positively charged subatomic particles in the nucleus of an atom.
• Neutrons are neutral subatomic particles in the nucleus of an atom.
• Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom.
• Atomic Number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the element.
• Atomic Mass is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

Chemical Bonding

• Covalent Bonds are formed by sharing electrons between atoms.
• Ionic Bonds are formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms.
• Polar Covalent Bonds are formed by unequal sharing of electrons between atoms.

Chemical Reactions

• Chemical Equations are symbolic representations of chemical reactions, with reactants on the left and products on the right.
• Reactants are substances that undergo a chemical change in a reaction.
• Products are substances formed as a result of a chemical reaction.
• Catalysts are substances that speed up a chemical reaction without being consumed.

Acids and Bases

• Acids are substances that donate a proton (H+ ion).
• Bases are substances that accept a proton (H+ ion).
• pH is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution, with a pH of 7 being neutral.

Stoichiometry

• A Mole is a unit of measurement for the amount of a substance, defined as 6.022 x 10^23 particles.
• Molar Mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, typically measured in grams per mole (g/mol).
• Stoichiometric Coefficients are numbers that indicate the relative amount of a reactant or product in a chemical equation.